生态交错带景观空间格局三维数字化重建系统设计

陈宇夫

摘  要： 针对二维图像仅能展示生态交错带景观布局情况，缺乏空间感的问题，设计生态交错带景观空间格局三维数字化重建系统。系统采用固定翼无人机从不同方向获取生态交错带景观空间格局二维高空图像;采用GPS等高端仪器获取测绘数据，结合所采集二维图像构建数字高程模型，利用地理信息分析软件校正二维图像，消除畸变和位移产生的图像误差，得到数字正射影像叠加在数字高程模型上;利用TerraBuilder三维地形管理工具创建三维生态交错带景观空间格局数据库，融合差异图像与数据构建三维数字化生态交错带景观空间格局。实例分析显示，所设计系统可呈现逼真的生态交错带景观空间格局三维重建效果，为分析各斑块在景观空间格局中的分布情况提供准确数据。

关键词： 景观空间格局; 三维重建; 生态交错带; 数据采集; 数字高程建模; 实例分析

中图分类号： TN911.73?34; Q149                 文献标识码： A                     文章编号： 1004?373X（2020）08?0117?03

Design of 3D digitalization reconstruction system for landscape spatial patterns in ecotone

CHEN Yufu

（College of Architecture and planning， Jilin Jianzhu University， Changchun 130000， China）

Abstract： As the problems that two?dimensional images only can show the landscape layout of ecotone and lacks of spatial sense， a 3D digitalization reconstruction system for the landscape spatial pattern in the ecotone is designed. Fixed?wing UAV is applied to acquire two?dimensional high?altitude images of the landscape spatial pattern in the ecotone from different directions， and the high?end instruments such as GPS are used to collect surveying and mapping data， and the digital elevation model is constructed in combination with the collected two?dimensional images. The two?dimensional images are corrected with the geographic information analysis software to eliminate image errors caused by distortion and displacement， by which the digital orthophoto image is obtained and superimposed on the digital elevation model. The 3D ecotone landscape spatial pattern database is established with the TerraBuilder 3D terrain management tool， which integrates the difference image and data to construct the 3D digitalization ecotone landscape spatial pattern. The instance analyses show that the designed system can present realistic 3D reconstruction effect of ecotone landscape spatial pattern， and provides accurate data for analyzing the distribution of each patch in the landscape spatial pattern.

Keywords： landscape spatial pattern; 3D reconstruction; ecotone; data collection; digital elevation modeling; instance analysis

0  引  言

生態交错带是景观生态学重要概念，是指处于相邻非同种均质景观单元间的异质性景观[1]，代表相邻生态系统之间的过渡带，掌控生物和非生物要素的转移，表现为界面的突变性和对比度，由于其通常较为脆弱，也称之为生态脆弱带[2]。生态交错带景观空间格局展现了不同形状、大小、属性的生态交错带景观斑块在空间上的布局与组合规律，分析景观空间格局，在看似无序的生态交错带景观中发现潜在规律，有效管理生态交错带，为生物多样性提供有力保护[3?4]。……