大庆肇源县耐盐植物筛选与耐盐性研究

2020-08-03 02:01:00李青楠穆丹梁英辉姚丹丹王莹
安徽农学通报 2020年9期

李青楠 穆丹 梁英辉 姚丹丹 王莹

摘 要:大慶地区盐碱地面积较大,分布广泛,耐盐植物丰富。该研究利用野外实地调查法,以黑龙江省大庆市肇源县盐碱地为对象,初步统计出在盐碱地上适合生长的耐盐植物共有65种,隶属于29科50属。进一步分析耐盐植物资源状况,对比盐碱地改良方法和对策,得出生物改良是盐碱地可持续发展的重要举措,为大庆市肇源县盐碱地的生态改良及资源利用提供了有效依据。

关键词:大庆肇源县;耐盐植物;筛选;耐盐性

中图分类号 S156.4文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2020)09-0042-05

Study on the Screening and Salt Resistance of Salt-resistant Plants in Daqing Zhaoyuan County

Li Qingnan et al.

(School of Life Science,Jamus University,Jamuus 154007, China)

Abstract: The salt-alkali area in Daqing area is large, widely distributed and rich in salt-tolerant plants. Using field investigation method, the salt-alkali land in Zhaoyuan County, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, was the research object, and the preliminary statistics showed that there were 65 kinds of salt-tolerant plants suitable for growth in the salt-alkali land, belonging to 29 genus 50. Further analysis of the status of salt-tolerant plant resources, compared with the methods and countermeasures of salt-alkali land improvement, it is concluded that biological improvement is an important measure of sustainable development of saline-alkali land. This provides an effective basis for the ecological improvement and resource utilization of salt-alkali land in Zhaoyuan County, Daqing City.

Key words: Daqing Zhaoyuan County; Salt-resistant plants; Screening; Salt resistance

现如今,土壤盐碱化已经成为世界上最为重要的环境问题之一。土壤盐碱化与沙漠化相伴而生,是绿地表面生态脆弱的区域,这不仅是对资源的破坏和农业生产的损失,还对生态环境造成巨大威胁[1]。世界盐碱地面积约9.5亿hm2,我国盐碱地面积约1万4hm2,约占我国国土面积的10.33%[2],位居世界第3,是名副其实的盐碱地大国。盐碱地在我国分布极广,不少地区都有其踪迹,在最新卫星图像所显示和人员实地调查可知,黑龙江省大庆市肇源县有8.7万hm2盐碱地,面积广远辽阔,占该地土壤总面积的21.5%,为目前国内盐碱地集中分布的主要地区。

盐碱地的形成和所处的地质与漫长的历史有关,由于地壳不断运动,导致版块构造发生改变,为其提供苏打盐分,随着板块运动带动苏打盐分不断聚集,经长时间积累,形成现如今的盐碱地。盐碱地是重要后备土地资源,如利用不合理,会使该地区经济发展受到抑制,为使土壤资源被充分利用并可持续发展,应采取措施改良盐碱土壤。……

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