基于多Agent的人员应急疏散模型研究

2020-08-03 07:58:33张继成
现代电子技术 2020年8期

摘  要: 在分析、比较现有疏散仿真模型的基础上,考虑到Agent的智能性、自治性、交互性,提出基于多Agent的人员应急疏散模型,该模型中疏散空间被分成相等的正方形,每个行人有包括静止在内的9个运动方向。个体在选择疏散出口的决策过程中,综合考虑个体到出口的距离、视野范围内的人员、障碍个数及其相关密度。在仿真中,考虑出口的数量位置和出口的宽度,结果表明,增加出口的数量和出口的宽度,疏散过程中加入引导员能够有效地提高疏散效率。该研究对于制定有效的应急疏散方案,具有一定的实际参考意义。

关键词: 人员疏散; 应急疏散; 多Agent; 仿真实验; 个体决策; 疏散效率

中图分类号: TN911.23?34; TP391.9             文献标识码: A                      文章编号: 1004?373X(2020)08?0135?04

Research on personnel emergency evacuation model based on multi?Agent

ZHANG Jicheng

(Yangtze University College of Technology & Engineering, Jingzhou 434020, China)

Abstract: On the basis of analyzing and comparing the existing evacuation simulation models, a multi?agent?based emergency evacuation model is proposed in consideration of the intelligence, autonomy and interactivity of agents. In this model, the evacuation space is divided into equal squares, and each pedestrian has 9 directions of motion, including the static one. In the decision?making process of individual choosing the evacuation exit, the distance from individual to exit, the number of personnel and obstacles within the scope of vision and the relevant density are comprehensively considered. In the simulation, in consideration of the quantity, position and width of the exit, the results show that the evacuation efficiency can be improved effectively by increasing the quantity and width of the exit, and adding the guide in the evacuation process. The research has certain practical reference significance for the formulation of effective emergency evacuation planning.

Keywords: personnel evacuation; emergency evacuation;  simulation modeling; multi?Agent; simulation experiment; individual decision making; evacuation efficiency

近年来,大型公共场所人群流动性大、高度聚集,一旦突发灾害,人员应急疏散措施无法科学有效的组织,将造成严重的生命财产损失。对突发事件的人员疏散进行计算机仿真已成为众多研究者进行应急疏散研究的主要手段之一。从当前的研究来看,其仿真模型中的宏观模型从整体考虑仿真对象,个体间的差异性被忽略。而微观模型考虑群体的异质性,其中基于Agent的模型将疏散人员抽象为Agent个体,已成为多数学者研究的热点。文献[1?9]对多Agent应用于大型公共场所,如体育馆场所、舰船、地铁、矿井人员疏散进行了研究。在文献[10]的基础上,建立基于Agent的疏散仿真模型,每个行人Agent在每一时刻的动作规律由多种因素决定。在仿真中,考虑出口的数量位置和出口的宽度,结果表明,增加出口的数量和出口的宽度,疏散过程中加入引导员可以有效地提高疏散效率。……

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