典型草原牧区道路时空变化特征分析

张阳 赛西雅拉图 其力木格

摘 要：以阿巴嘎旗那仁宝拉格苏木为研究对象，通过查阅相关资料以及遥感图像解译等方法，研究典型草原牧区道路时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）2009—2017年，研究区内一、二级公路的变化趋势不显著，道路的增长主要体现在三级公路的增长上;（2）从2009—2017年间一级路与二级路、二级路与三级路的重心距离均呈缩小现象，说明下级道路的扩张以在上级道路附近为主;（3）研究区新增道路及人口数主要分布在东北部，并且相对集中，居民点的增加与扩张，对道路的位置和数量变化也有较大关系;（4）研究区草原道路的时空变化特征与海拔、坡度等自然因素及牧户的生产生活等人文因素息息相关，其中人文因素占据主要作用。

关键词：牧区道路;时空变化特征;典型草原

中图分类号 S812文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2020）09-0082-06

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Changes of Roads in Typical Grassland Pastoral Areas

Zhang Yang et al.

（College of Geographical Scientific， Inner Mongolia Normal University， Huhehot 010022， China）

Abstract： Narenbaolage Sumu in Abaga Flag was taken as an example to study the spatio-temporal changes of typical grassland pastoral roads through the ways of consulting relevant notification materials and interprets remote sensing images. The conclusions showed that：（1）From 2009 to 2017， the change trend of the first and second grade roads in the study area was not significant， and the growth of roads was mainly reflected in the growth of third grade roads; （2）From 2009 to 2017， the first and second grade roads， and the second and third grade roads， the distance of the center of gravity of the grade roads was decreasing， indicating that the expansion of the lower roads was mainly near the superior roads; （3） The newly added roads and population in the study area were mainly distributed in the northeast， and were relatively concentrated， the increase and expansion of residential areas， the location and quantity of roads were also greatly related; （4）The spatiotemporal characteristics of grassland roads in the study area were closely related to natural factors such as altitude and slope， as well as human factors such as production and life of herders， among which human factors play a major role.

Key words： Pastoral Roads; Spatiotemporal Changes; Typital Grassland

道路作為人类活动强烈的区域，道路沿线土壤及植被的退化问题随着时间的推移越来越多地受到学者们的关注[1-3]。然而，由于对道路引起草原直接和间接退化机理的系统研究不足，道路造成草原生态破坏的恢复机制尚不明确，加之道路对生态环境的各种影响在时间上具有一定的滞后性[4]，往往容易被人们所忽视，近年来牧区道路的发展引起的草原退化有加速发展之势。中科院研究表明10%的草场正在不同程度地遭受道路侵蚀破坏，朱震达等的研究指出，机动车辆任意行驶引起的草原沙漠化可达各种人为因素沙漠化总面积的10%～20%[5]。……