黄文锐 王俊


摘要:某型高精度导航定位系统工作在中短波段,天线系统尺寸大,工作在窄频。为此,文章提出并设计了双Peano分形的小型天线。并针对中短波段信号波长长,天线导线线径过细的问题利用FDTD中的细导线、同轴线等分析技术构建了天线模型,给出了电磁特性数学描述。仿真结果表明该系统能够工作在中短波段,满足中短波段导航系统要求。
Abstract: The antenna of some system is with the disadvantages of large size and narrow working frequency band, which works in the MW and SW bands. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new-designed double-Peano fractal antenna as the receiver antenna. And then, this paper builds on the model of this antenna based on several pivotal techniques which belongs to the FDTD, exiguous lead method, coaxial line analysis, etc. The simulation results show that the antenna whose height is 15.6cm while working frequency is about 8.98MHz, with the characteristics of omni-direction, low profile and wide-band, meets requirements of the navigation system working in the MW and SW bands.
关键词:无线电导航;分形天线;双Peano结构;FDTD
Key words: radio navigation;fractal antenna;double-Peano fractal;FDTD
中图分类号:TN82 文献标识码:A 文章編号:1006-4311(2020)21-0197-03
0 引言
某型高精度导航定位系统工作在中短波段,具有定位精度高,抗干扰能力强,工作范围大等特点,被广泛应用于军事、民生的多个领域[1]。然而,系统存在天线尺寸大,难于维护的问题[2]。
由于具有尺寸缩减及多频段特性,分形天线是满足系统小型化设计的有效手段。但是,上述天线属于线天线概念,天线导线线径过细,传统频域数值分析法难以准确对其构建模型,严重影响分析精度。
为此,文章设计了一种基于双Peano分形的天线,给出了天线小型化结构模型;然后,基于FDTD完成了数学描述,在此基础上完成了同轴线与场的耦合情况分析,确保了幅相特性估计精度[3]。文中设计天线高仅为12cm,工作在9MHz频段,具有全向性、轮廓低、频带宽等特点,适合工程应用。
1 天线设计结构
Peano分形维数高,基于该结构的天线小型化程度优于常见平面尺寸缩减型天线,全向性好、轮廓低、频段多、频带宽是该类型天线的特点[4,5],适合于低频电小天线的设计。……