欧阳耀果 刘云 刘旭东



摘要:某型高精度定位系统基于扩频体制展开设计,在中短波段工作,具有精度高,抗干扰能力强,工作范围大等特点。系统中存在天线体积过大,难于安装以及维护的难点。文中提出了一种基于双Hilbert分形设计的小型天线。同时针对舰船电磁环境恶劣,天线受影响较大的问题,对细导线、同轴线等进行天线建模并分析。结果表明,文中天线高度仅13cm,可以谐振在1.5~10MHz频段,实现了全向接收,能够满足中短波段导航系统要求。
Abstract: Maritime radio navigation system which is belonged to the spread system, working in the MW and SW section, is provided with high positioning accuracy, wide coverage and good security. However, the antenna is so large that hard to be installed. This paper proposes a new-designed double-Hilbert fractal antenna. Also, because of the abominable electromagnetic condition on the ship, this paper builds on the model of this antenna based on several pivotal techniques which belongs to the FDTD, coaxial line analysis, etc. The results show that the antenna whose height is only 13cm can work in 1.5~10MHz band with the characteristics of omni-direction, meets requirements of the navigation system working in the MW and SW band.
关键词:无线电导航;船用天线;双Hilbert分形;FDTD
Key words: radio navigation;marine antenna;double-Hilbert fractal;FDTD
中图分类号:TN82 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2020)21-0222-02
0 引言
某型高精度定位系统工作在中短波段,具有精度高,抗干扰能力强,工作范围大等特点[1]。该频段信号波长大,天线尺寸需大于信号波长的1/4[2],天线体积过大,难于安装及维护成为了技术难点。同时,系统平台天线林立,电磁环境恶劣[3],天线的接收特性会受到较大影响。FDTD是分析天线特性的有效数值方法之一。该方法能够在特定频带内通过一次计算完成针对天线特性的分析,在天线结构复杂,工作环境恶劣的条件下具有更高的估计精度及更加优良的性能[4]。为此,本文设计了一种双Hilbert分形的小型天线,构建了天线模型;进行了天线电磁特性分析。结果表明,文中天线高度仅为13cm,能够谐振在1.5~10MHz的中短波段,适合于工程应用。
1 基于双Hilbert分形的天线结构
文中天线属电小天线范畴,存在辐射效率低的问题。Hilbert分形天线具有良好自相似特性,在有限空间内可以有效加大天线辐射电阻,提高天线增益及效率,天线模型如图1。……