标枪运动员冬训训练特征的研究

朱荣

摘  要：标枪是体能主导类的快速力量项目，对专项素质与技术的要求很高。本文旨在通过对标枪优秀运动员冬训训练阶段、内容与负荷安排等方面的分析与总结，为标枪运动员的系统科学训练提供参考。整个冬训期一般分3个阶段，按照先全面身体素质，后发展专项力量再专项投掷能力的顺序安排训练，负荷量与强度呈递增趋势;冬训期的训练內容以增强力量素质与完善专项技术为主，其他素质练习为辅，冬训期的训练目标要明确，冬训期的训练手段要丰富，冬训期的训练阶段要清楚划分。

关键词：标枪运动员  冬训  训练特征

中图分类号：G806                                  文献标识码：A                       文章编号：2095-2813（2020）04（c）-0060-02

Abstract： Javelin is a kind of fast power item dominated by physical ability， which requires high quality and technology. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the systematic and scientific training of Javelin Athletes by analyzing and summarizing the training stages， contents and load arrangement of Chinese Elite Female Javelin Athletes in winter training. The main conclusions of this study are as follows： the whole winter training period is divided into three stages. The training is arranged according to the sequence of overall physical fitness first， then the development of special strength and then special throwing ability. The load and intensity are increasing gradually; the training objectives are clear， the stages are clearly divided， the training contents are mainly to enhance the strength quality and improve the special technology， supplemented by other quality exercises， and the training means are rich.

Key Words： Javelin athletes; Winter training; Training characteristics

冬训是运动员储备专项体能、提高专项能力与专项技术的重要时期。在这个重要时期的训练安排既要考虑冬训期短期内的训练内容、训练顺序、负荷量与负荷强度的安排;又要对冬季准备期与下一个比赛期的需求实际统筹兼顾、科学调控，使运动员在冬训结束时正好达到个人的最佳状态，在比赛期展现最出最高水平的竞技状态，这十分考验教练员系统、科学的训练水平。

1  冬训期的目标和阶段划分

1.1 冬訓目标

优秀运动员冬训期的目标：提高各项身体素质指标，预防损伤;进一步磨练专项技术，完善专项能力，尽可能地提高成绩。后备运动员冬训期的目标：全面发展各项身体素质，弥补身体素质的薄弱环节;强化专项素质能力并逐步完善专项技术，努力提高运动成绩。……