基于P?V曲线法的光伏电源系统电压稳定性分析

闫群民 申卓群 马永翔 陈昊睿

摘  要： 光伏发电由于其受外部环境因素影响，其输出功率不确定性较大，接入电网后易导致电力系统电压产生波动甚至越限。该文提出基于P?V曲线的光伏电源系统电压稳定性分析方法，阐述光伏电源输出特性及P?V曲线法分析原理，基于PSASP软件仿真平台建立含分布式光伏电源的IEEE 13节点模型。以极限功率参数和电压临界稳定值为考核指标，分析了不同渗透率、接入方式下对系统电压稳定的分布情况。分析结果表明，P?V曲线法可以有效反映出系统稳定性最薄弱区域，并利用仿真结果提出了工程应用分析，对含光伏分布式电源系统电压稳定性分析有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词： 电压稳定性分析; 光伏电源; P?V曲线法; IEEE 13节点建模; 仿真实验; 工程应用分析

中图分类号： TN86?34                              文献标识码： A                       文章編号： 1004?373X（2020）06?0110?05

Analysis of voltage stability of photovoltaic power system based on P?V curve method

YAN Qunmin， SHEN Zhuoqun， MA Yongxiang， CHEN Haorui

（School of Electrical Engineering， Shaanxi University of Technology， Hanzhong 723000， China）

Abstract： As the influence of external environmental factors， the output power of photovoltaic power generation is highly uncertain， which may easily lead to voltage fluctuation or even exceed limit in the power system when connected to the power grid. A method of the voltage stability analysis of photovoltaic power system based on P?V curve is proposed. The output characteristics of photovoltaic power and the analysis principle of P?V curve method are expounded. The IEEE 13?node model with distributed photovoltaic power is established based on PSASP software simulation platform. The distribution of voltage stability under different permeability and access modes is analyzed by taking the limit power parameters and the critical stability value of voltage as the evaluation indexes. The analysis results show that the P?V curve method can effectively reflect the weakest area of system stability， and the engineering application analysis is proposed with the simulation results. It has certain reference significance for the voltage stability analysis of the distributed photovoltaic power system.

Keywords： voltage stability analysis; photovoltaic power; P?V curve method; IEEE 13 node modeling; simulation experiment; engineering application analysis

随着分布式光伏电源技术的日益成熟，其应用规模及范围也将进一步扩大，同时其对传统电网也带来了更多的挑战。光伏发电由于其出力受外界环境约束因素较多，导致其在电网中具有很强的不确定性，而电网运行的一项核心指标就是运行工况的稳定性，如何使含有分布式光伏电源的电力系统更加稳定可靠运行，正是国内外许多专家学者的研究热点[1?5]。

目前，分布式光伏电源接入对电网电压影响已有一定的研究成果。文献[6]研究了广义负载功率波动、功率因数、接入配电网电压等级对电压波动影响。文献[7]推导了分布式光伏电源若干种典型分布情况下线路电压偏差和电压波动不越限时所能允许接入的极端容量极限。……