2019年中国大学生太极推手及长短兵锦标赛的现状调查

摘  要：为了促进中华武术技击的发展，推动武术技击赛事的举办，通过对2019年中国大学生太极推手、长短兵锦标赛的观察，运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计法、录像法和逻辑分析法对竞赛规则、裁判判罚、冠军归属、参与的院校等进行分析。研究表明：本次的竞赛规则增加了比赛的趣味性和观赏性，尤其是太极推手比赛的竞赛规则较以往的规则比较有部分变化，有利于太极拳技法的运用，但是在比赛过程中部分运动员出现犯规少数裁判未立即叫停;部分学校技术领先，技术差距大，技术发展不平衡;参与院校较少。建议：开展更多此类赛事，不断完善竞赛规则;建立裁判员奖惩机制;建立武术技击研究会，不断对传统武术的技击技术进行挖掘，技术进行公开;加强高校教练员培训，做好推广工作;编写该类项目教材，录制教学视频。

关键词：中国大学生  太极推手  长兵  短兵

中图分类号：G80                                    文献标识码：A                       文章编号：2095-2813（2020）04（b）-0206-04

Abstract： In order to promote the development of Chinese martial arts and promote the holding of martial arts competitions， through the observation of Chinese college students' Taiji Push Hands and Long and Short Weapons Championships in 2019， using the literature data method， expert interview method， mathematical statistics method， video method and logic analysis to analyze the rules of the competition， the judgment of the referee， the ownership of the champion， and the participating institutions. The research shows that： The competition rules have increased the fun and enjoyment of the competition. In particular， the competition rules of the Taiji Pusher Competition have changed somewhat compared with the previous rules， which is conducive to the use of Tai Chi techniques. But during the competition， some athletes have fouled，a few referees did not immediately stop the game; some schools have leading technology. The technology gap is large， and the technology development is not balanced; there are fewer participating institutions. Suggestions： carry out more such competitions， constantly improve the rules of the competition; establish a referee reward and punishment mechanism; establish a martial arts martial arts research conference， continuously excavate the traditional martial arts techniques， and make the technology exposed in public; strengthen the training of college coaches， and do a good job of promotion on writing textbooks for this type of project and record instructional videos.

Key Words： Chinese college students; Taiji push hands; Long weapons; Short weapons

太極推手是太极拳系的双人搭手对抗运动，是2人相互搭手、听劲而动、粘走相随，既要化解对方的劲力，又要破坏对手的平衡，使其跌倒的运动，运用的基本技术主要是掤、捋、挤、按、采、挒、肘、靠八法[1]。太极拳是“体”，推手为“用”，太极拳与推手之间是体用关系[2]。而长短兵则是运动员身穿附有中国传统特色的铠甲，手持器械，击打对方的头部、手及臂、躯干、小腿，长兵运用的技术主要有劈、撩、云扫、抡扫、刺、绞等，短兵主要运用刺、劈、点、崩、斩、剪、撩等[3]。……