不同处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响

冯聪聪 翟勇 李浩男

摘要    為研究不同发芽床和清水浸种时间对柴胡种子萌发的影响，以种子萌发启动日、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指标、霉烂率为测量指标，20 ℃恒温自然光照培养箱中开展了柴胡种子发芽试验。结果表明，不同发芽床基质处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响有显著性差异，其中以纱布处理柴胡种子的各项测量指标均显著高于其他处理;清水浸种不仅能够促使柴胡种子提早萌发，而且能够提高柴胡种子发芽率，浸种12 h柴胡种子的发芽率及发芽势最高，分别可达67.67%±3.21%和56.00%±9.54%，与未浸泡对照相比提高了约35、34个百分点。说明柴胡种子用清水浸种预处理12 h，以纱布为发芽床，在20 ℃恒温条件下培养，可有效提高柴胡种子萌发率，促进种子提早萌发，实际生产中可以用清水浸种后再进行播种。

关键词    柴胡种子;萌发;发芽床;清水浸种时间

中图分类号    S567.79        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）13-0050-02                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Abstract    In order to study the effects of different germination bed substrates and soaking time in water on seed germination of Bupleurum chinensis， seed germination experiment was carried out. In this experiment， seed germination initiation day， germination rate， germination potential， germination index and mildew rate were taken as the measurement indexes. The seeds of different germinating bed substrates were cultured in an incubator with natural light and constant temperature of 20 ℃. The results showed that the effects of different germination bed substrates on seed germination of B. chinensis were significantly different， and the indexes of seed germination of B. chinensis treated with gauze were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Soaking seeds in water could not only promote the early germination of B. chinensis seeds， but also improve the germination rate of B. chinensis seeds. After soaking in water for 12 hours， the germination rate and germination potential were the highest， reaching 67.67%±3.21% and 56.00%±9.54%， respectively， which were about percentage points 35 and 34 percentage points higher than those of the control group， respectively. The germination rate of B. chinensis seeds was significantly improved and the early germination of B. chinensis seeds was promoted by soaking in water for 12 h， using gauze as the germinating bed and cultivating under the constant temperature of 20 ℃. In the actual production， it is also possible to use water to soak the seeds before sowing.

Key words    Bupleurum chinensis seed; germination; germination bed; soaking time

近年来，中医药在疾病预防治疗中发挥出越来越重要的作用，许多中药的市场需求量逐渐上升，这也刺激着中药种植产业的不断发展。柴胡作为常用解表药之一，其市场前景尤为可观，但柴胡种植产业的发展却比较缓慢。其主要原因是柴胡种子在自然状态下萌发时间长、发芽率低，导致农户们种植柴胡的积极性不高。多项研究表明，柴胡种子萌发最适温度为20 ℃，温度过高或过低都会抑制其萌发[1-2];李钱钱等[3]研究发现，新采收的柴胡种子室温储藏4个月时发芽率最高，之后会逐渐降低，室温储藏种子寿命仅为1年;而冷藏处理可以延长种子寿命[4-5]。……