西藏蜜源植物调查分析

陈新兰 雷雪萍 扎罗

摘要    为使西藏蜜源植物得到充分利用，摸清其现状，采用野外调查为主、走访蜂农为辅的方式进行蜜源植物调查，咨询相关专家、查阅相关书籍和文献进行蜜源植物鉴定。初步确定西藏地区蜜源植物有18科51属64种，均为双子叶植物，其中主要蜜源植物20种（隶属于9科18属）、辅助蜜源植物41种（隶属于14科37属）、有毒蜜源植物3种（隶属于3科3属）;生活型以草本植物为主，初花期多在夏季，蜜源植物分布相对均匀，在高海拔地区均有分布。西藏地区蜜源植物丰富，蜜质多为优质蜜，适合大力发展西藏养蜂业。

关键词    主要蜜源植物;辅助蜜源植物;有毒蜜源植物;西藏

中图分类号    S897+.1        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）13-0125-04                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Abstract    In order to make full use of nectar plants and find out their current situation in Tibet， the investigation of nectar plants was carried out mainly by field investigation and supplemented by beekeepers′ visit. The nectar plants were identified by consulting relevant experts and consulting relevant literature. There were a total of 64 species of nectar plants belonging to 51 genera in 18 families in Tibet，and all of them were dicotyledonous plants. There were 20 species of major nectar plants belonging to 18 genera in 9 families，41 species of complementary nectar plants belonging to 37 genera in 14 families， 3 species of poisonous nectar plants belonging to 3 genera in 3 families. Life forms of nectar plants dominated by herbs，and the initial flowering period was mainly in summer.What′s more，the nectar plants were evenly distributed in Tibet，and they were also distributed in high-altitude areas. The nectar plants were rich in Tibet，and most of which were high-quality nectar. So it′s suitable for developing the beekeeping industry in Tibet.

Key words    major nectar plant;complementary nectar plant;poisonous nectar plant;Tibet

蜜源植物為蜜蜂提供花蜜和花粉等食物报酬，是蜜蜂赖以生存、繁殖和发展的重要条件，同时也是发展养蜂业的物质基础。养蜂数量、场地选择及蜂群管理等方面的确定，首先取决于该地区主要蜜源植物和辅助蜜源植物的种类、蜜粉量及初花期等[1-2]。西藏地域辽阔，地形地貌复杂及纬度、海拔不同，形成了多样的气候类型，从而使该区植被种类丰富[3-4]。任再金[5-6]在1981年和1982年对西藏山南市、昌都市和林芝市等地进行了蜜源资源的初步考察，发现这些地区蜜源植物十分丰富，养蜂条件相当优越;匡邦郁等[7]在西藏喜马拉雅山脉进行蜜源植物调查，结果表明，喜马拉雅山脉蜜源植物种类繁多，适合发展山区养蜂业。近年来，西……