不同腐熟剂处理对荞麦秸秆腐熟效果的影响

2020-08-04 09:35:33裴双康解晓敏闫源
现代农业科技 2020年13期

裴双康 解晓敏 闫源

摘要    以荞麦秸秆为研究对象,以秸秆降解率、纤维素含量为指标,采用尼龙网袋法开展试验,探讨3种秸秆腐熟剂处理荞麦秸秆的腐解动态,确定最佳腐熟剂及最佳处理方式。结果表明,含水量60%条件下生物菌肥腐熟剂+荞麦秸秆处理(T5)在处理12、24、36、48、60 d后的荞麦秸秆降解率分别为23.45%、53.58%、67.06%、72.75%、78.92%,均高于其他处理,并与不加秸秆腐熟剂对照在0.05水平上差异显著,且不同腐熟处理荞麦秸秆的剩余干物质含量、剩余纤维素含量随时间变化及趋势差异不显著,处理T5在降解速率等方面均表现最佳,确定生物菌肥为荞麦秸秆腐熟试验的最佳腐熟剂,最佳处理方式为生物菌肥腐熟剂+荞麦秸秆(含水量60%)。

关键词    荞麦秸秆;动态降解速率;腐熟剂

中图分类号    S141.4        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739(2020)13-0180-03                                                                                     开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)

Abstract    Taking buckwheat straw as the research object,using straw degradation rate and cellulose content as the indexes, the nylon net bag method was used to conduct experiment. The decaying dynamics of the buckwheat straw treating with three kinds of straw decomposing agents was explored, the best decomposing agent and the best treatment method were determined. The results showed that the degradation rate of buckwheat straw treating with biobacteria fertilizer decomposing agent and buckwheat straw (T5) in 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 d was 23.45%, 53.58%, 67.06%, 72.75% and 78.92%, respectively, which was higher than that of other treatments, and the difference between it and CK (no straw paste treatment) was significant at 0.05 level. The differences of changes and trend of the residual dry material content and the residual cellulose content among buckwheat straw treating with different decomposing agents were not significant. The T5 treatment showed the best performance in the degradation rate and other aspects, biobacteria fertilizer was determined as the best decomposing agent in this experiment. The best treatment method was using biobacteria fertilizer decomposing agent and buckwheat straw (60% water content).

Key words    buckwheat straw; dynamic degradation rate; decomposing agent

蕎麦在我国具有悠久的历史,因荞麦营养丰富而经常被加工成各种食品。随着科学技术的发展,人们逐渐认识到荞麦的药用价值,荞麦所特有的黄酮类化合物在其他谷物中很少见到,黄酮类多酚活性物质具有抗炎、降血脂和强心等作用[1]。目前,我国对荞麦的利用主要是荞麦籽粒,包括荞麦淀粉、荞麦蛋白提取物(BWPE)、芦丁和荞麦油,籽粒副产品主要有保健醋、保健酒、饲料、荞麦茶等[2],而对于荞麦秸秆的处理多是焚烧或者丢弃,只有少部分用于动物饲料。因此,产生了大量废弃物,造成了严重的环境污染[3]。

目前,秸秆还田已经得到了大面积的推广应用,这项措施的使用在很大程度上提升了土壤肥力[4],但在荞麦秸秆还田过程中,正确评价不同腐熟剂处理的腐熟效果显得尤为重要。……

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