茶多酚对高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸水平及肝肾组织的影响

任群利 廖成成 刘建国

摘要    本文以雄性昆明小鼠為试验动物，通过比较小鼠血清中尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐的含量，检测肝肾和血清中的黄嘌呤氧化酶，以及观察肝肾组织病理特征，研究茶多酚对氧嗪酸钾诱导的小鼠高尿酸血症的治疗作用。结果表明，与模型组相比，茶多酚高剂量组（600 mg/kg）高尿酸血症小鼠血清中尿酸含量极显著减少约33.7%，茶多酚中剂量（300 mg/kg）和低剂量组（150 mg/kg）均极显著减少约28.5%，别嘌醇组（10 mg/kg）极显著减少99.5%（P<0.01）。茶多酚中、高剂量组能降低血清尿素氮、肌酐含量;同时，肝、肾中黄嘌呤氧化酶活性分别极显著降低50%、64%（P<0.01）。病理组织形态学检查结果发现，别嘌醇组小鼠肝脏有一定损伤，肾脏有中度病理组织学改变;模型组和茶多酚各剂量组小鼠肝脏损伤影响不大，仅有轻度水肿;模型组小鼠肾脏损伤较轻，茶多酚低剂量组可见小鼠肾脏轻度病理组织学改变，茶多酚中、高剂量组未见明显变化。由此可知，茶多酚能显著降低氧嗪酸钾诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸水平，可能与抑制尿酸的生成和促进排泄相关。同时，茶多酚对小鼠肝肾组织具有一定的保护作用。

关键词    茶多酚;小鼠;尿酸;高尿酸模型;病理组织

中图分类号    R151        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）13-0200-03                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Abstract    The male Kunming mice were used as experimental animals in this paper， the therapeutic effect of tea polyphenols on hyperuricemia mice induced by potassium oxyzinate by comparing the serum uric acid， urea nitrogen and creatinine contents of the mice， detecting the xanthine oxidase in liver， kidney and serum， and observing the pathological features of liver and kidney tissue was studied. The results showed that compared with model group， the content of serum uric acid in tea polyphenols high dose group （600 mg/kg） significantly decreased by about 33.7%， in the tea polyphenols middle dose group （300 mg/kg） and low dose group （150 mg/kg） all significantly decreased by about 28.5%， in the allopurinol group （10 mg/kg） significantly decreased by 99.5% （P<0.01）. The contents of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine decreased in tea polyphenols middle and high dose groups; and the activities of xanthine oxidase in liver and kidney were significantly reduced by 50% and 64% （P<0.01）， respectively. Pathomorphological exami-nation showed that the liver was damaged to a certain extent in allopurinol group， the kidney had moderate pathological changes; the liver damage was not significant in model group and tea polyphenol groups， with slight edema; the kidney injury was slight in model group， slight histopathological changes were observed in tea polyphenols low dose group， while no significant changes were observed in tea polyphenols middle and high dose groups. Therefore， tea polyphenols can significantly reduce the serum uric acid level of hyperuricemia mice induced by potassium oxyzinate， it may be associated with inhibiting the generation and promoting the excretion of uric acid. At the same time， tea polyphenols has a certain protective effect on the liver and kidney tissue of mice.

Key words    tea polyphenols; mice; uric acid; hyperuricemia model; pathological tissue

高尿酸是痛风的生化基础，还与高血压、冠心病、代谢综合征、糖尿病等疾病密切相关[1-2]。近年来，随着生活水平的提高，高尿酸血症患者显著增多，并呈现年轻化的发展趋势。目前，治疗药物有秋水仙碱、别嘌醇等，但存在引起肝肾功能损害、造血功能异常等副作用[3-4]。茶是世界三大饮料之一，在我国饮用历史悠久[5]，具有抗氧化、抑菌、抗病毒、抗癌抗肿瘤等活性，各国研究人员也在不断对其更多生物活性功能进行研究开发。茶多酚（Tea Polyphenols，TP）是从茶叶中提取的一类主要活性成分，是包括儿茶素、花青素、黄酮与黄酮醇类和酚酸类等多酚化合物的总称[6-7]。据报道，茶多酚对治疗高尿酸血症有一定效果[6-8]，但其相关机制及对肝肾组织的安全性尚未明确。

本文采用小鼠灌胃氧嗪酸钾（Potassium Oxonate，PO）建立高尿酸血症模型，对其茶多酚抗高尿酸作用进行研究，并与别嘌醇进行对比，探讨茶多酚对小鼠尿酸水平及肝肾组织的影响，以期为茶多酚及相关产品的进一步开发与应用提供参考。……