浙南沿海地区康氏小公鱼仔鱼的鉴定研究

鲍静姣 郭远明 朱剑

摘要    我国东南沿海具有一定经济价值的渔业资源是当前渔业生产中一个重要课题。本文对体长为7.5～50.0 mm的小公鱼属仔鱼的形态特征进行描述，并将这些特征发展的过程作为定种的依据。结果表明，体长50.0 mm标本体长为体高的4.5倍，而体长8.5 mm标本体长为体高的9.4倍，随着鱼体的增长，体长与体高的比值逐渐减小;鱼背鳍15～16条，以15条为主;臀鳍20～21条，以20条为主;体吻部至背鳍间的距离与全长的比值随着鱼体的增长而逐渐减小，背鳍和臀鳍随着体长的增长逐渐向前推移;标本总肌节数为43节，而康氏小公鱼成鱼也有43节脊椎。这些特征对鉴定出这批标本为康氏小公鱼提供了更有力的证据。

关键词    小公鱼属;康氏小公鱼 ;仔鱼;形态特征;鉴定;浙南沿海地区

中图分类号    Q179        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）13-0204-03                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Abstract    The fishery resources in the coast of southeast China with certain economic value are an important subject in fishery production at present. In this paper， the morphological characteristics of Anchoviella juvenile fish with body length of 7.5-50.0 mm were described， and the develop-ment process of these characteristics was used as the basis for species determination. The results showed that the specimen body length of 50.0 mm was 4.5 times of the body height， while the specimen body length of 8.5 mm was 9.4 times of the body height. With the growth of fish body， the ratio of body length to body height decreases gradually. The number of dorsal fin was 15-16， mainly was 15; the number of anal fin was 20-21， mainly was 20. The distance between the snout and the dorsal fin decreased with the increase of the fish body; the dorsal fin and anal fins moved forward gradually with the increasing of body length. The specimen had total 43 sarcomeres， and the Anchoviella commersonii also had 43 vertebraes. These characteristics provide further evidence for the identification of A. commersonii.

Key words    Anchoviella; Anchoviella commersonii; juvenile fish; morphological characteristic; identification; coastal area of southern Zhejiang Province

小公鱼属（Anchoviella）隶属于鳀科（Engraulidae），是小型、暖温性的中上层鱼类，多分布在非洲东岸和东南亚各国沿岸[1-2]。在我国东、南沿海近岸河口浅水区也有一定数量的小公鱼[1]。虽然小公鱼的个体不大，但由于产量高，故仍具有一定的经济价值。小公鱼属中以康氏小公鱼（Anchoviella co-mmersonii）产量最大。目前，国内学者对浙江近海的小公鱼属和珠江口海区的几种小公鱼的早期生态有研究报道[2-5]，但鲜见有关康氏小公鱼稚幼鱼鉴定的研究。国外也仅有学者对小公鱼属某些种类鱼卵及稚幼鱼有所描述，但对康氏小公鱼涉及较少[6]。本文对体长为8.5～50.0 mm的小公鱼各阶段形态特征加以描述，并且將这些特征的发展过程作为定种的依据加以探讨。……