竹基质与菌种密度对棘托竹荪产量及营养品质的影响

彭超 艾文胜 谢韵帆 石燕飞 钟意 李南

摘  要：以棘托竹荪为研究对象，采用正交试验设计，探讨竹荪培养基质量与菌种密度对其产量和营养成分的影响，筛选最佳配比组合，旨在为竹荪种植提供科学的技术支撑。结果表明：鲜菇平均产量3.51 kg/m²、粗蛋白含量18.78%、粗纤维含量21.19%、总糖含量37.79%。不同处理组合间产量、粗蛋白和总糖差异极显著（P<0.01），粗纤维差异显著（P<0.05）。菌种密度和基质量各因素水平间仅产量差异显著，营养成分无显著差异，其中600 g/m²菌种密度的竹荪产量极显著大于400、800 g/m²，为4.54 kg/m²;16.0 kg/m²基质量的产量显著高于8.0、12.0 kg/m²，为3.95 kg/m²，3种主要营养成分随菌种量和基质量水平的增加呈异质性变化，二者的交互作用显著影响粗蛋白含量（P<0.05）;极差分析结果显示，菌种量对竹荪产量、粗蛋白和粗纤维含量的影响大于基质，而对总糖含量影响与之相反。不同处理组合的种植支收比为（1∶3.77）～（1∶9.32），其中以每平方米林地采用16.0 kg基质种植600 g菌种收益最高，收益达54.9元/m²，支收比1∶6.62，但投入成本与产量收益呈非完全正比关系。本研究认为，尽管基质量和菌种种植密度不会单方面显著改变竹荪营养成分，但选择合适的配比对提高竹荪产量和优化支收比都具有重要意义。

关键词：棘托竹荪;培养基质;菌种量;产量;营养成分;支收比中圖分类号：S646.8      文献标识码：A

Effect of Bamboo Sawdust Substrate and Strain Planting Density to Yield and Nutritional Quality ofDictyophora echinovolvata

PENG Chao¹， AI Wensheng^1*， XIE Yunfan²， SHI Yanfei²， ZHONG Yi²， LI Nan²

1. Institute of Bamboo Research， Hunan Academy of Forestry， Changsha， Hunan 410004， China; 2. Yongzhou Forestry Institute， Yongzhou， Hunan 425000， China

Abstract： The effect of the ratio of bamboo sawdust substrate and strain planting density to the yield and nutritional quality ofDictyophora echinovolvata was discussed by the orthogonal design to screen the optimal combination and to provide a scientific technical support forD. echinovolvata cultivation. The results showed that the average fresh yield was 3.51 kg/m²， and the percentage of crude protein， crude fiber and total sugar was 18.78%， 21.19% and 37.79%， respectively. There were highly significant differences of yield， crude protein， total sugar among treatment combinations （P<0.01）， and there was significant difference of crude fiber （P<0.05）. The yieldwassignificantly affected by bamboo sawdust substrate weight and planting density， while the nutrient composition was almost not influenced by bamboo sawdust substrate weight and planting density. The yield of the strain planting density 600 g/m² was 4.54 kg/m²， which was significantly higher than those of the strain planting density 400 g/m²and 800 g/m². The yield of 16 kg/m² sawdust substrate was 3.95 kg/m²， which was higher than those of 8.0 kg/m²and 12 kg/m² sawdust substrate. Crude protein， crude fiber and total sugar were highly affected by the interaction of the ratio of bamboo sawdust substrate and strain planting density. Range analysis suggested that planting density had higher effect than sawdust substrate to yield， protein and crude fiber，

1.2.2  培养基质处理  竹荪种植选择在2019年3月初，此时温度稳定在10 ℃以上。种植前45～60 d开始建堆发酵，将所有原料拉到试验地旁，边混匀边浇水建堆，混匀后的培养基质用薄膜覆盖进行发酵。当中心料温达到65 ℃时（手进去感觉烫手），开始第1次翻堆，以后每隔10 d翻堆1次，共翻堆3～4次。当料发酵呈暗褐色、无氨气刺激味时即下地接种。

1.2.3  试验地设置及管理  选择立地条件大体相同的林地为试验地，每个小区宽×长为1.0 m× 10 m，通过插签标记小区号。在播种前一周清除林地中的杂灌、石头，调整林地郁闭度至0.7左右，保证所有试验小区的光照和湿度基本一致。……