水莲石斛的组织培养与快速繁殖

莫远琪 李汉文 江南 郑枫 房林 李琳 周依清 吴坤林 曾宋君

摘  要：以水蓮石斛（DendrobiumHibiki）幼嫩假鳞茎为外植体进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明：利用75%乙醇结合0.1% HgCl₂，以及适宜程序进行外植体消毒，成功率达92.50%;诱导腋芽的最适培养基为改良MS添加3.0 mg/L 6-BA和0.5 mg/L NAA，腋芽诱导率为91.90%;丛生芽增殖最适培养基为MS培养基添加5.0 mg/L 6-BA和0.5 mg/L NAA，平均增殖系数为2.77;生根壮苗最适培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+1.5 g/L活性炭+30 g/L蔗糖+100 g/L土豆泥，生根率100%，生根效果最好;体积比1∶1的植金石与椰壳混合基质适合于移栽，移栽成活率为95.56%。

关键词：水莲石斛;假鳞茎;快速繁殖;移栽

中图分类号：Q813.1+2     文献标识码：A

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation ofDendrobiumHibiki

MO Yuanqi^{1， 2}， LI Hanwen³， JIANG Nan³， ZHENG Feng²， FANG Lin²， LI Lin²， ZHOU Yiqing²， WU Kunlin²， ZENG Songjun^{2， 4*}

1. Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources， Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Guiyang， Guizhou 550006， China; 2. Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement， South China Botanical Garden， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510650， China; 3. Dongguan Agricultural Science Research Center， Dongguan， Guangdong 523000， China; 4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany， South China Botanical Garden， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510650， China

Abstract： The young pseudobulbs ofDendrobiumHibiki were taken as the explants for tissue culture and rapid propagation. The results showed that the success rate of explants disinfection reached 92.50% when treating the explants with proper disinfection methodsby 75% alcohol and 0.1% HgCl₂. The modified MS supplemented with 3 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA was the most suitable medium for axillary bud induction， in which the induction rate was 91.90%. MS supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA was the most suitable medium for the multiplication of clustered shoots， in which the multiplication coefficient was 2.77. 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA， 1.5 g/L activated carbon， 30 g/L sucrose and 100 g/L potato homogenate was the most suitable medium for the rooting and growth， the rooting rate was 100% and growth status of the plantlets was the best. On the mixture of Zhijing stone： coconut husk=1∶1 （V∶V）， the plantlets transplanted grew fastly and the survival percentage was 95.56%.

Keywords： Dendrobium Hibiki; pseudobulbs; proliferation; transplantion

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.06.016

石斛属（Dendrobium）是兰科中第2大属，全球大约1500～1600个原生种，13 600多个杂交种^[1-4]。石斛属原生种主要分布于东南亚的热带、亚热带以及大洋洲^[5]。水莲石斛（DendrobiumHibiki）是以长苞石斛（D. bracteosum）为母本、雪山石斛（D. laevifolium）为父本杂交获得的新品种。其株型较小、花型紧凑，冬天老茎上的叶片掉落，春天出新芽，叶片质地稍硬，茎秆泛浅紫红，花朵呈紫红色，常盛开在老茎上，与叶片交相辉映，绚丽夺目，花期较长，一般可达40～50 d，且一年中可多次开花;同时，其易栽培且长速快，适合作为盆栽，是近年来我国花卉市场中较受欢迎的石斛新品种之一，因其花型和水莲相近，在中国花卉市场上称为水莲石斛。我国花卉市场上的水莲石斛多从中国台湾引进，价格昂贵。水莲石斛可采用普通的分株和扦插繁殖，但繁殖周期较长，繁殖速度慢，且容易受到环境的影响;采用种子进行无菌播种会发生性状分离;只有采用组织培养技术进行优质种苗的快速繁殖，才能满足市场需求。……