海南草地贪夜蛾寄生蜂调查与基础生物学观察

唐继洪 吕宝乾 卢辉 吉训聪 杨普云 苏豪 蔡波

摘  要：海南省是我國草地贪夜蛾入侵地之一，为了掌握草地贪夜蛾在海南的发生与防控情况，2019年4—7月，中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所专家对海南省18个市县主要玉米种植区的草地贪夜蛾天敌开展了实地调查。本研究将调查区采集到的被寄生卵块、幼虫和蛹置于实验室条件下饲养观察，共发现5种寄生蜂天敌，其中卵寄生蜂为夜蛾黑卵蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂，幼虫寄生蜂为淡足侧沟茧蜂，蛹寄生蜂为霍氏啮小蜂，卵-幼虫寄生蜂为台湾甲腹茧蜂，并报道了这5种寄生蜂的主要鉴别特征和基本生物学特性。掌握海南本地草地贪夜蛾寄生蜂天敌的种类，初步探究了其对这种外来入侵害虫的自然控制作用，为筛选防治草地贪夜蛾的优势天敌提供参考。

关键词：草地贪夜蛾;寄生蜂;形态特征;生物学特性中图分类号：S476.3;S433.4      文献标识码：A

Investigation and Preliminary Study of Biological Characteristic of Parasitic Wasps ofSpodoptera frugiperda in Hainan

TANG Jihong¹， LYU Baoqian^1*， LU Hui¹， JI Xuncong²， YANG Puyun³， SU Hao⁴， CAI Bo⁵

1. Environment and Plant Protection Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. Institute of Plant Protection， Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571100， China; 3. National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center， Chaoyang， Beijing 100027， China; 4. College of Plant Protection， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 5. Haikou Customs， Haikou， Hainan 570105， China.

Abstract： Hainan province is one of the invasion areas ofSpodoptera frugiperdain China. In order to grasp the occurrence and prevention and control ofS. frugiperdain Hainan， from April to July 2019， experts from Environment and Plant Protection Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences conducted field investigations in Hainan province on the natural enemies ofS. frugiperdain the main corn-growing areas of 18 cities or counties. In this paper， the parasitic egg mass， larvae and pupa collected in the investigation areas were placed under laboratory conditions for observation. Five species of parasitic wasp were found， among which the egg parasitoid wasTelenomus remusNixon andTrichogramma chilonisIshii， and the larvae parasitoid wasMicroplitis pallidipesSzepligeti， and the pupa parasitoid wasTetrastichus howardiOlliff， and the egg-larva parasitoid wasChelonus formosanus Sonan.The main identifying characteristics and basic biological characteristics of the five parasitoids were reported. The natural control effect of the five parasitoids on the alien invasive pest was preliminarily made clear. Mastering the species of natural enemies ofS. frugiperda in Hainan has important value for screening the natural enemies for controllingS. frugiperda.

Keywords： Spodoptera frugiperda; parasitoids; morphological character; biological character

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.06.017

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J. E. Sm?ith），又称秋黏虫、伪粘虫，属鳞翅目夜蛾科灰翅夜蛾属，是一种迁飞性农业重大入侵害虫^[1-2]。草地贪夜蛾原生于美洲热带和亚热带地区，2016年1月入侵非洲，2018年传入南亚和东南亚一些国家，扩散至全球100多个国家。该虫具有强大的繁殖力、适应性和迁飞能力^[3]，对粮食安全和农业生产威胁极大。

2019年1月草地贪夜蛾从缅甸入侵我国，从云南开始逐步向北迁飞扩散，截至9月，草地贪夜蛾已在我国25个省份发生为害，见虫面积100多万hm²，实际危害面积16.4万hm^2[4]，田间草地贪夜蛾主要分为玉米型（Corn-strain）和水稻型（Rice-strain）2个亚群体^[5]。……