三种滇西地区药用黄芩属植物与正品黄芩抗菌活性研究

刁红梅 吴秀蓉 肖朝江

【摘 要】 目的：对三种滇西地区药用黄芩属植物滇黄芩、丽江黄芩、半枝莲与正品中药材黄芩抑菌活性与化学成分进行分析比较。方法：通过微量肉汤稀释法测定供试样品的抑菌活性;采用HPLC法分析供试样品的主要化学成分。结果：四种黄芩属植物供试样品均对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有生长抑制作用，三种滇西地区黄芩属植物的抑菌活性优于正品黄芩。HPLC分析结果显示，滇黄芩、丽江黄芩成分相似，但与正品黄芩有差异。半枝莲则与其它三种黄芩属植物样品成分存在较大差异。结论：三种滇西地区黄芩属植物与正品黄芩抗菌活性与化学成分均存在差异，滇黄芩、丽江黄芩抗菌活性优于正品黄芩。本研究为科学评价与开发滇西黄芩属植物资源提供了依据。

【关键词】 滇黄芩;丽江黄芩;半枝莲;黄芩;抑菌活性

【中图分类号】R285.5   【文献标志码】 A    【文章编号】1007-8517（2020）12-0037-05

Abstract：Objectives To study and compare the antimicrobial activities and the chemical profiles among Scutellaria amoena，S. likiangensis，S. barbata，and S. baicalensis（the Radix Scutellariae）. Methods The antibacterial activities of the test samples were determined by broth microdilution method，and the chemical components of the test samples were observed by HPLC analysis. Results All of the test Scutellaria samples showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Escherichia coli，Shigella dysenteriae，and Staphylococcus aureus，and the antibacterial activities of three Scutellaria species collected from western Yunnan，S. amoena，S. likiangensis，and S. barbata，were better than that of the Radix Scutellariae. According to HPLC analysis，the major components of S. amoena and S. likiangensis were similar，but different from those of S. baicalensis，while the chemical profile of S. barbata was significantly different from those of the other three Scutellaria species. Conclusion There were differences in antibacterial activity and chemical composition between the three Scutellaria species from western Yunnan and the Radix Scutellaria. The antibacterial activities of S.amoena and S.likiangensis were better than that of the Radix Scutellariae. This study provided a basis for the scientific evaluation and development of Scutellaria resources in western Yunnan.

Keywords：Scutellaria amoena; Scutellaria likiangensis; Scutellaria barbata; Radix Scutellariae; Antibacterial Activity; HPLC Analysis

黄芩属（Scutellaria Linn.）植物种类繁多，部分有药用记载，多用于清热解毒、抗菌消炎[1]，其中黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis）作为正品中药材主要分布在东北、华北、西北地区东部[1]。在上述地区之外，一些当地分布的黄芩属植物也常作为黄芩代用品药用，特别是西南地区黄芩属植物种类多、资源丰富，黄芩代用品现象更加常见，如滇黄芩（S. amoena）在《滇南本草》中便明确可以代黄芩药用。在云南滇西地区，当地纳西族、彝族、白族等少数民族也有用滇黄芩（S. amoena）（白语亦称作“黄芩”）、丽江黄芩（S. likiangensis）（纳西语“shi dai lai ki”）、半枝莲（S. barbata）（白语“奢每粗”）等代替正品黄芩药用的传统[1]。……