浙江畲族老虎抢猪头民俗活动的人类学阐释

胡丹

摘  要：老虎抢猪头是浙江丽水畲族民俗活动的一个缩影，本文采用田野调查法、访谈法对畲族民俗体育活动仪式历史进行演进，调查老虎抢猪头活动在村民的高参与度进而在村民冲突、村民矛盾化解中的善治逻辑，归纳了老虎抢猪头作为善治的基础是乡村认同的人类学阐释。以期挖掘乡村治理资源，发挥乡村德治的作用进而助推乡村治理体系的构建，促进畲族民族治理体系和治理能力现代化。

关键词：仪式  善治  浙江畲族  老虎抢猪头  民俗  人类学  阐释

中图分类号：G80                                    文献标识码：A                       文章编号：2095-2813（2020）06（b）-0213-02

Abstract： The tiger snatches the pig's head is a miniature of the she's folk custom activity in Lishui， Zhejiang Province. This paper uses the method of field investigation and interview to study the evolution of the she's folk custom sports ceremony history， investigates the good governance logic of the tiger snatches the pig's head activity in the villagers' high participation， and then in the settlement of the villagers' conflicts and contradictions， and sums up that the basis of the tiger snatches the pig's head as a good governance is the human identified by the village Learn to explain. In order to tap the resources of rural governance， play the role of rural moral governance， and then promote the construction of rural governance system， and promote the modernization of She ethnic governance system and governance capacity.

Key Words： Ritual; Good governance; She nationality in Zhejiang Province; Tiger grabs pig's head; Folk custom; Anthropology; Interpretation

江浙地区丰富的民俗活动与其悠久的农耕文明有密切的关系，根本原因在于民俗活动根植于农民发展于农民，农耕文明是民俗得以传承的根本载体，而农耕文明来自于人类，民俗文化诸多形式都是通过人类活动得以表达[1]，而这种民俗文化内涵是凝聚人类活动的需求，人类的需求使得村落民众进行的民俗活动是有信仰的、有规定动作的、有仪式展演的秩序化的活动，浙江畲族的老虎抢猪头就是民俗活动的典型代表，它是畲族在特定的活动进行的仪式展演，这种仪式展演对村落民众进行教化和治理。畲族老虎抢猪头仪式展演是村落自然与社会融合的缩影，借助于民俗活动仪式将民众改造自然战胜自然符号化，也凝聚了畲族群众的向心力[1]不仅是全国民族传统体育运动项目，也是浙江网红的真是写照，是少数民……