关于护理学学历及学位与护士社会地位认知现状及研究

王瑶　王有娟　满宏丽　王超　邵泽敏

[摘要] 目的 了解各阶层对护理学学历及学位及护士社会地位的认知现状。通过对199位社会各阶层人士进行问卷调查，为护理学教育发展及人文护理发展提供参考。方法 2019年1—4月期间，采用电子调查问卷的方法，对在山东、黑龙江、江苏等5个省市的199位人士进行匿名问卷调查。结果 社会人士对护士学历及护理学学位的认知并不够完善，且普遍认为护士社会地位处于中等，护士付出回报呈负相关。结论 社会大众对护士学历及护理学学位的认知处于中等认知阶段，普遍认为护士处于社会地位的中等区域，这与长久以来护士从事的工作与传统观念等因素有关。政府应推进护理行业的发展，提高护士社会地位。

[关键词] 护理;学历;学位;护士;社会地位

[中图分类号] R47 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2020）05（b）-0171-03

Status and Research on Cognition of Nursing Education and Degree and Social Status of Nurses

WANG Yao， WANG You-juan， MAN Hong-li， WANG Chao， SHAO Ze-min

School of Nursing， Shandong First Medical University （Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences）， Tai'an， Shandong Province， 271016 China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the status of cognition of nursing education and degree and social status of nurses at all levels. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 199 people from all walks of life to provide reference for the development of nursing education and humanistic nursing. Methods An electronic questionnaire was from January to April 2019 used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey on 199 persons in 5 provinces and cities including Shandong， Heilongjiang， and Jiangsu. Results The public's cognition of nurse education and nursing degree is not perfect， and it is generally believed that the social status of nurses is in the middle， and the return of nurses' pay is negatively correlated. Conclusion The general public's cognition of nurse's education and nursing degree is in the middle cognition stage. It is generally believed that nurses are in the middle area of social status， which is related to factors such as long-term nurses' work and traditional concepts. The government should promote the development of the nursing industry and improve the social status of nurses.

[Key words] Nursing; Education; Degree Nurse; Social status

护士是指经执业注册取得护士执业证书，依照本条例规定从事护理活动，履行保护生命、减轻痛苦、增进健康职责的卫生技术人员。长期以来，由于传统观念等诸因素的影响，人们对护士的认识不够全面，护士职业始终得不到社会应有的理解与重视[1]。在经过非典型肺炎（SARS）以及埃博拉病毒（Ebola virus）的暴发及医疗救治后，以及随着生物医学模式向生物-社会-心理医学模式的转变，社会大众健康观的改变，人们对护士有了进一步的了解与认识[3]。随着护理学教育的发展，护理学可授予的学位也在不断地变化，现如今护理工作者的学历及学位也逐渐向其他专业看齐。……