护理干预对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制及妊娠结局的影响

李华月 杜惠贞

[摘要] 目的 以妊娠糖尿病患者為例，对护理干预对此类患者血糖控制效果及妊娠结局的影响进行分析评价。 方法 该次纳入研究的90例妊娠期糖尿病患者纳入时间在2018年1月—2019年1月，以随机数字分组法分为两组，均为45例;对照组采取常规护理，观察组采取综合护理干预，然后比较两组护理效果。 结果 ①在空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）3项血糖指标水平方面，护理后观察组均明显低于对照组，两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。②产妇自身方面，观察组妊娠期高血压5例、剖宫产10例、早产2例、产后出血及感染3例;对照组妊娠期高血压12例、剖宫产29例、早产10例、产后出血及感染8例。新生儿方面，观察组呼吸窘迫2例、窒息1例、畸形1例、死胎0例;对照组呼吸窘迫7例、窒息3例、畸形5例、死胎3例。结合数据可知，观察组妊娠结局和对照组比较显著更理想，两组数据差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 妊娠期糖尿病患者采取综合护理干预效果明显;可控制患者的血糖水平，进而改善患者的妊娠结局。

[关键词] 妊娠糖尿病;护理干预;血糖控制;妊娠结局;影响

[中图分类号] R473          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1672-4062（2020）05（b）-0107-03

Effect of Nursing Intervention on Blood Glucose Control and Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Gestational Diabetes

LI Hua-yue， DU Hui-zhen

People's Hospital of Gaoming District， Foshan， Guangdong Province， 528500 China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze and evaluate the effect of nursing intervention on blood glucose control and pregnancy outcome of patients with gestational diabetes. Methods 90 patients with gestational diabetes included in this study were enrolled from January 2018 to January 2019. They were divided into two groups by random number grouping， both of which were 45 cases. The control group received routine care and the observation group took comprehensive nursing intervention， and then comparing the nursing effect between the two groups. Results 1.In terms of fasting blood glucose （FPG）， post-prandial blood glucose （2hPG）， and glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc）， the blood glucose levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group， with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. 2.On the part of the mother， the observation group had 5 cases of hypertension during pregnancy， 10 cases of cesarean section， 2 cases of premature delivery， 3 cases of postpartum hemorrhage and infection; the control group had 12 cases of hypertension during pregnancy， 29 cases of cesarean section， and 10 cases of premature delivery. There were 8 cases of postpartum hemorrhage and infection. For neonates， there were 2 cases of respiratory distress， 1 case of asphyxia， 1 case of deformity， and 0 cases of stillbirth in the observation group; 7 cases of respiratory distress， 3 cases of asphyxia， 5 cases of deformity， and 3 cases of stillbirth in the control group. Combining the data， we can see that the pregnancy outcomes in the observation group and the control group are significantly more ideal， and the data in the two groups are statistically significant different（P<0.05）. Conclusion The comprehensive nursing intervention for gestational diabetic patients has obvious effects; it can control the blood glucose level of the patients and improve the pregnancy outcomes of the patients.

[Key words] Gestational diabetes; Nursing intervention; Glycemic control; Pregnancy outcome; Impact

妊娠期糖尿病，为妇产科妊娠孕产妇的常见合并症之一，该疾病发病和胰岛素抵抗及异常等因素密切相关[1]。妊娠期糖尿病患者的临床症状为：妊娠期多饮、多食以及多尿等。临床研究表明，若对妊娠期糖尿病未能加强医护干预，则会影响患者的血糖水平，进而影响妊娠结局。所以，考虑到此类患者血糖水平的控制及妊娠结局的改善，需采取及时有效的医护干预方案。近年来，有学者表示，综合护理干预在妊娠期糖尿病患者护理中能够起到优良的效果，可控制患者的血糖水平，并使患者的妊娠结局得到有效改善。鉴于此，该课题以该院在2018年1月—2019年1月收治的90例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究的主对象，进一步对综合护理干预的使用价值进行分析评价，现报道如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  一般资料

该次入选该院收治的90例妊娠糖尿病患者作为研究的对象，均符合《妇产科学》中有关“妊娠期糖尿病”的诊断标准[2-3]，均在知情的条件下签署相关医护同意书，将合并其他严重脏器疾病、严重精神障碍者逐一排除。……