南通地区夏季高温特征和极端高温事件分析

梅一清 彭小燕 张树民 张琪 吴彩霞

摘 要：利用1961—2019年南通各区县气象站的高温日数、极端最高气温资料，探究了南通地区高温特征和极端高温事件。结果表明，南通地区高温日数呈现西多东少的分布特征，海安站的总高温日数和年平均高温日数多于启东站。进入21世纪，南通本站高温日数明显增加，增幅为2.9d/10a。2013、2017年高温预警发布频繁，南通地区出现的高温具有极端性，表现为高温日数较多，多站最高气温突破历史极值。2013年7—8月份，南通本站高温有3个阶段，累计高温日数多。2017年高温主要集中在7月中下旬，高温持续18d。西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西、稳定控制本地，是极端高温事件出现的直接原因。

关键词：高温特征;极端高温事件;大气环流

中圖分类号 P467文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2020）14-0151-03

Abstract： Based on the data of the number of high temperature days and extreme maximum temperature at the meteorological stations in districts and counties of Nantong from 1961 to 2019， this paper explores the local high temperature characteristics and extreme high temperature events. The number of high temperature days in Nantong area is more in the west than in the east. The total number of high temperature days and the annual average number of high temperature days in Hai 'an station are higher than that in Qidong station. In the 21st century， the number of hot days in Nantong has increased significantly， with an increase of 2.9d/10a. The high temperature in Nantong in 2013 and 2017 was extreme， which was manifested in the number of high temperature days and the highest temperature in many stations breaking through the historical extreme value. From July to August in 2013， there were three stages of high temperature in Nantong station. The number of accumulated high temperature days was more， and the high temperature warning was issued frequently. In 2017， the high temperature was mainly concentrated in mid-to-late July and lasted for 18 days. The western Pacific subtropical high is strong and extends westward，which is the direct cause of the extreme heat events.

Key words： High temperature characteristics; Extreme high temperature events; Atmospheric circulation

高温热浪是夏季主要气象灾害之一。高温酷热天气不仅影响人民群众的日常生活，而且由于需水量和用电量的增加，给供水、供电等部门造成了很大的压力;同时高温也加重了旱情发展，给农业生产带来很大的危害[1]。在全球变暖的影响下，出现高温热浪事件的频率越来越高，强度也越来越大。研究表明，自1990年代以来，发生在我国的高温热浪强度、日数和频次均呈现增多（增强）的趋势[2-3]。2003年，北半球的气温升高幅度明显大于南半球，欧洲出现了经历史无前例的酷暑，同年中国南方也经历了罕见的高温炎热天气[4]。此类极端高温事件影响范围大，持续时间久，社会影响广泛，严重威胁人体健康。……