‘中蕉9号’在不同移栽期下的产量及品质比较

田青兰 刘洁云 吴艳艳 黄伟华 黄永才 牟海飞 吴代东 张英俊 黄平明

摘  要：引進镰刀菌枯萎病4号生理小种高抗品种‘中蕉9号，在广西南宁1—10月不同时段移栽，以‘桂蕉1号作为对照，并观察其生长特性、产量和果实品质等表现，以期为广西优异抗病品种的选择提供参考。结果表明，与当地传统品种‘桂蕉1号相比，‘中蕉9号在广西种植有较大的产量优势，其平均产量较‘桂蕉1号高16.2%;2月15日及10月1日移栽期处理产量最高。不同移栽期的‘中蕉9号生育期较‘桂蕉1号长140～181 d，且其夏秋季种植较冬春季种植生育期平均延长161 d，主要是由于抽蕾推迟。此外，‘中蕉9号假茎粗壮，在抽蕾前有较高的叶片光合势和叶面积指数，是其生物量和产量形成的基础。品质方面，1月1日移栽的‘中蕉9号果实催熟后总糖和可滴定酸含量较‘桂蕉1号分别高出29.0%和63.0%，而脂肪含量显著低于‘桂蕉1号，‘中蕉9号果实表现出高糖、高酸、低脂的特点。综上，‘中蕉9号在广西种植有一定产量优势，但生育期较长，抽蕾晚，冬春季2月15日移栽可获得高产的同时缩短生育期，但仍需进一步在病区试验种植观察其综合表现。

关键词：移栽期;‘中蕉9号;产量;品质;抗枯萎病品种

中图分类号：S668.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： ‘Zhongjiao No. 9， a new banana variety with high resistance to ‘fusarium wilt No. 4， was introduced and transplanted in different dates from January to October in Nanning， Guangxi， China， and its growth characteristics， yield and quality were observed in order to provide references for the selection of disease-resistant varieties in Guangxi. ‘Guijiao No. 1 was used as the control， a traditional variety in Guangxi， and the plant growth characteristics， yield and fruit quality of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 and ‘Guijiao No. 1 under different transplanting dates were determined. The results showed that： ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 had a greater yield advantage than ‘Guijiao No. 1. The average yield of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 was 16.2% higher than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1. ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 had higher yield under transplanting date of Feb. 15st and Oct. 1st. The growth period of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 under different transplanting dates was 140～181 d longer than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1， and its growth period under summer and autumn planting was 161 d longer than that under winter and spring planting on average， mainly due to bud squaring delayed. Besides， compared with ‘Guijiao No. 1， ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 had longer growth period， later bud squaring， higher leaf photosynthetic potential and leaf area index before budding， which were the basis of its biomass and yield formation. In terms of quality， the content of total sugar and titratable acid of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 under transplanting dates of Jan. 1st was 29.0% and 63.0% higher than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1 after fruit ripening， respectively. The fat content of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 was significantly lower than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1. Therefore， the fruit of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 after ripening showed high sugar， acid and low fat. In conclusion， ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 had a certain yield advantage in Guangxi， but its growth period was longer and the bud was later than ‘Guijiao No. 1. Transplanting on Feb. 15st in winter and spring could achieve high yield and shorten the growth period for ‘Zhongjiao No. 9， but it is still necessary to further observe its comprehensive performance in the disease area.

Keywords： transplanting date; ‘Zhongjiao No. 9; yield; quality; banana fusarium wilt resistant variety

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.002

香蕉是我國最主要的热带亚热带水果之一，香蕉枯萎病的发生和蔓延给我国香蕉产业带来了巨大的冲击。广西是我国最重要的香蕉主产区之一，受市场行情和枯萎病影响，2016—2017年广西香蕉种植面积缩减，形势严峻[1]。香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种在广西香蕉主产区均有不同程度发生且迅速蔓延[2]。……