有机肥替代部分化肥改善‘三红蜜柚’树体营养及果实品质

李水祥 佘文琴 吴世涛 陈晶英 马文 孙宇晨 王杰

摘  要：本研究以单施化肥为对照，研究有机肥替代部分化肥对‘三红蜜柚树体营养及果实品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，有机肥替代20%化肥处理可显著提高‘三红蜜柚叶片镁、锌含量，降低叶片氮含量至适宜水平;提高‘三红蜜柚发育过程中果实钾、钙、锌、硼含量，降低果实磷含量;并显著提高果实可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量及糖酸比，降低果实可滴定酸含量，而维生素C含量、可食率和单果质量等与对照相比未呈现显著差异。因此，有机肥替代20%化肥可提高‘三红蜜柚叶片部分矿质营养元素含量，改善树体营养水平，提高‘三红蜜柚果实钾、钙、锌、硼等矿质元素含量及果实品质。

关键词：有机肥;柚;矿质元素;果实品质

中图分类号：S666.3      文献标识码：A

Abstract： A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizers partly replacing of chemical fertilizers on the nutrition and fruit quality of ‘Sanhong-miyou. Two fertilization treatments were selected： 20% of chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer （T） and only chemical fertilizer （CK）. The results showed that T could significantly increase the magnesium and zinc contents in the leaves of ‘Sanhong-miyou and reduce the nitrogen content of the leaves to the appropriate level， increase the content of potassium， calcium， zinc and boron in fruits of ‘Sanhong-miyou， reduce the phosphorus content during fruit development. In addition， it also significantly increased the soluble solid， total sugar and sugar acid ratio， reduced titratable acid of the fruits， and the Vc content， edible rate and single fruit quality of it did not show significant difference compared with CK.

Keywords： organic fertilizers; pomelo; mineral element; fruit quality

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.003

‘琯溪蜜柚[Citrus grandis （L.） Osbeck cv. Gu??-anxi-miyou]屬亚热带常绿乔木果树，是我国特有的柚类良种。平和县种植‘琯溪蜜柚已有500多年历史，蜜柚产业早已成为平和县经济支柱之一，其种植面积已达4.33万hm2，年产量130万t，总产值约50亿元[1]。调查表明，近年来平和‘琯溪蜜柚以平均每年每株施用N 1.60 kg、P2O5 1.25 kg、K2O 1.36 kg，位居全国柑橘主产县第1位[2]，存在果农为追求产量而盲目使用化肥现象。过量的使用化肥，导致果园土壤结构遭到破坏，进而影响树体营养水平，致使蜜柚果实品质下降。有机肥替代化肥，是目前解决化肥使用过量问题的有效措施之一[3]。在平和县蜜柚果园进行有机肥替代化肥试验，研究有机肥替代部分化肥对蜜柚树体营养及果实品质的影响，对该地生态环境改善和蜜柚发展具有重要意义。……