廖自月 林碧英 王悦 申宝营 钟路明



摘 要:为探究黄瓜嫁接苗愈合及幼苗生长的最佳光照模式,本研究选择南瓜‘壮士品种为砧木,黄瓜‘大棚冬青品种为接穗,顶插嫁接后0~3、4~6、7~10 d为阶段性递增光照模式,以(0-30-45) μmol/(m2·s)为对照(CK),设[(15-30-45)、(30-60-90)、(45-90-135)、(60-120-180)、(75-150-225) μmol/(m2·s)]分別为T1、T2、T3、T4和T5处理,研究不同梯度光照强度对黄瓜嫁接苗愈合生长及幼苗质量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,嫁接后0~3 d适宜光照优于黑暗条件,光照强度梯度在处理T2~T5之间时,能显著提高接合部愈合效果(P<0.05);其中T3处理最有利于黄瓜嫁接苗愈合及生长,其地上部、地下部形态生长指标最佳,最有利于促进黄瓜嫁接苗雌花分化和早熟;T3与T4处理幼苗真叶生长势较优,而T2与T3处理有利于嫁接苗光合色素含量的增加;运用隶属函数值法进行综合分析,各处理下隶属函数综合评价值大小排名为:T3>T2>T4>T5>T1>CK。综合分析得出,T3处理即嫁接后0~3、4~6、7~10 d的光强梯度为(45-90-135) μmol/(m2·s),最有利于黄瓜嫁接苗的愈合生长及幼苗质量的提高,故T3梯度光照强度可作为黄瓜嫁接苗愈合期处理的最适光强模式。
关键词:黄瓜;光照强度;嫁接苗;愈合;质量
中图分类号:S626.9 文献标识码:A
Abstract: In order to explore the best light pattern of cucumber grafted seedling healing and seedling growth, the pumpkin cultivar ‘Zhuangshi was used as the rootstock and cucumber cultivar ‘Dapengdongqing as the scion. A stepwise incremental illumination mode was used for the seedling 0–3, 4–6, 7–10 d after top grafted. The light intensity was T1 (15–30–45) μmol/(m2·s), T2 (30–60–90) μmol/(m2·s), T3 (45–90–135) μmol/(m2·s), T4 (60–120–180) μmol/(m2·s) and T5 (75–150–225) μmol/(m2·s), CK (0–30–45) μmol/(m2·s). Compared with CK, the suitable light was better than the dark condition at 0–3 d after grafted. The light intensity gradient significantly improved the joint healing effect when treated between T2–T5 (P<0.05). It is beneficial to the healing and growth of the grafted seedlings. The growth index of above-ground and under-ground parts was the best, which was best beneficial to promoting the differentiation and early maturity of grafted seedlings. The T3 and T4 treated seedlings had better growth potential, while the T2 and T3 treated was beneficial to the increase of photosynthetic pigment content in the grafted. The ranking of the comprehensive evaluation value of membership function under each treatment was: T3 > T2 > T4 > T5 > T1 > CK. According to the comprehensive analysis, the light intensity gradient of T3 treatment in 0–3, 4–6 and 7–10 d after grafted was (45–90–135) μmol/(m2·s), which was best beneficial to the healing growth of the grafted.
Keywords: cucumber; light intensity; grafted seedlings; healing; quality
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.010
嫁接不仅可以防治土传病害[1]、抵御低温[2]、提高产量[3],还可克服现代温室大棚栽培中存在的严重的连作障碍[4]。随着我国设施农业和瓜果类嫁接工厂化育苗技术的快速发展,市场对于嫁接苗需求量逐年增加,故缩短嫁接苗育苗周期、降低生产成本以及提高嫁接苗质量成为目前生产上亟待解决的问题。
嫁接后砧穗愈合及嫁接苗生长质量除了与砧木、接穗本身质量有关,还取决于嫁接后设施的环境因子如光照、温度、湿度等。其中光作为光合作用、激素调节和某些信号通路的能量来源,对嫁接后的砧穗愈合有积极影响[5],Jang等[6-7]在黄瓜及辣椒的嫁接愈合中均发现,较高的光照水平提高了愈合过程中二氧化碳交换率,而适宜的光强能提高嫁接愈合及幼苗生长质量[8]。华斌等[9]采用……