2种多胺对铁皮石斛瓶内开花的影响

李茹 李枝林 白建昆 商正蕊 赵丽莹 王玉英

摘  要：以铁皮石斛无根组培苗为试验材料，研究不同浓度的外源腐胺（Put）和精胺（Spm）对铁皮石斛瓶内开花的影响。结果表明：培养基中添加适量的Put和Spm可提高开花率。当Put浓度为0.4 mg/L时，铁皮石斛瓶内开花率最高，为30.47%;Spm浓度为0.2 mg/L时，铁皮石斛瓶内开花率最高，为22.26%;Put浓度为0.2 mg/L时，铁皮石斛始花期最短，为83.33 d，观赏期最长，为43.33 d。Put浓度为0.4 mg/L时，植株可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高;对照处理下植株全N含量达最高;Spm浓度为0.6 mg/L时，植株C/N比达最大。Put浓度为0.4 mg/L时，有利于铁皮石斛组培苗碳氮化合物的积累，可提高铁皮石斛的开花率;Put浓度为0.2 mg/L时，能使花期提前，延长观赏期。Spm浓度为0.4 mg/L时，有利于铁皮石斛组培苗株高增长和生根，促进铁皮石斛组培苗的营养生长。

关键词：铁皮石斛;多胺;瓶内开花;开花率

中图分类号：S682.31      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The effects of different concentrations of exogenous putrescine （Put） and spermine （Spm） on the flowering of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo were studied using the rootless plantlets in vitro. The flowering rate of D. officinale could be increased by adding appropriate amount of Put and Spm in the medium. The flowering rate of D. officinale was the highest （30.47%） when the concentration of Put was 0.4 mg/L， and the flowering rate of D. officinale was 22.26% when the concentration of Spm was 0.2 mg/L. The time to have the first flower bud appeared of D. officinale was the shortest （83.33 d） when the concentration of Put was 0.2 mg/L， and the viewing period of D. officinale could be prolonged by 43.33 days. When the concentration of Put was 0.4 mg/L， the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein was the highest. The content of total N was the highest in CK. When the concentration of Spm was 0.6 mg/L， the C/N ratio of the plant was the highest. The concentration of Put 0.4 mg/L would be beneficial to the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen compounds， which could promote the flowering rate of D. officinale.

Keywords： Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo; polyamines; in vitro flowering; rate of flowering

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.011

铁皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo）又名黑节草，是重要的兰科（Orchidaceae Juss.）植物。因其花姿优雅，且有降血糖抗肿瘤等功效，而具有独特的观赏价值和药用价值[1]。铁皮石斛花期3—6月，花淡黄色，是石斛属（Dendrobium Sw.）药用植物中最为珍稀名贵的种类，但石斛属植物营养生长期较长，需2～3 a[2]。石斛属快速繁殖技术现已突破，缩短营养生长期是如今需要解决的关键问题。黄浅等[3]研究认为，可利用物理和化学方法使具有观赏价值的花卉在组培瓶内提前开花，缩短营养生长期，并将这一技术直接应用于花卉生产和育种。

多胺是普遍存在于植物体内的一类含2个或多个氨基的低分子脂肪族含氮碱，其中的腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）和精胺（Spm）在促進植物组织生长、花芽分化及性别分化、开花坐果等方面具有重要的生理功能[4]。……