麦馨允 黄江奇 黄斌 王艺 蓝喜丹 廖芬艳



摘 要:以‘台农一号芒果为材料,研究不同剂量短波紫外线和贮藏温度对采后芒果蒂腐病病原菌(Pestalotiopsis mangiferae)病斑直径、总酚和类黄酮含量、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白质及过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:4.9 kJ/m2辐照能显著抑制病斑直径的扩展,诱导总酚、类黄酮含量的升高,降低可溶性蛋白质的消耗,提高过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性的活力,抑制丙二醛的生成;9.8 kJ/m2辐照会破坏植物细胞损伤,削弱类黄酮、可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶上的诱导作用。与25 ℃相比,13 ℃下贮藏可抑制病斑直径的扩展,维持较高的总酚、类黄酮含量,抑制丙二醛的生成,延迟过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活力的达到峰值的时间。4.9 kJ/m2,13 ℃的处理对芒果蒂腐病抑制和品质维持最好。
关键词:芒果;短波紫外线;温度;蒂腐病;芒果拟盘多毛孢
中图分类号:S667.7 文献标识码:A
Abstract: The effects of different doses of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) and storage temperature on the expansion of lesions caused by Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, total phenols, flavonoids, malondialdehyde, soluble protein, enzyme activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase of postharvest mango fruits were studied. UV-C treatment at 4.9 kJ/m2 significantly suppressed the expansion of lesions, enhanced the content of total phenols and flavonoids, reduced the content of soluble protein, increased the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde. UV-C treatment at 9.8 kJ/m2 could damage plant cells, and weaken the promoting effects on flavonoids, soluble proteins, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities. Compared with 25 ℃, low temperature treatment at 13 ℃ could suppress the expansion of lesions, maintain higher content of total phenols and flavonoids, inhibit the formation of malondialdehyde, and delay the peak time of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity. UV-C treatment at 4.9 kJ/m2 combined with storage at 13 ℃ had best a control effect on P. mangiferae of mango fruits, and maintained much better quality of postharvest mango fruits effectively.
Keywords: mango; ultraviolet-C; temperature; stem-end rot disease; Pestalotiopsis mangiferae
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.018
芒果(Mangifera indica L.)属漆树科(Sapindaceae)[1],是杧果属(Dimocarpus)杧果的俗称。广西百色右江河谷是全国主要芒果种植基地之一,截止至2015年,该地区芒果种植面积1.8万hm2,产量12.3万t,其中‘台农一号品种种植面积占芒果种植总面积的69.5%[2]。然而芒果在成熟期易引起蒂腐病(stem-end rot disease)[3],发病初期果蒂形成多处褐点,继续发展会导致果实腐烂,不利于芒果采后贮运与加工[4]。芒果蒂腐病由可可球二孢菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.)、芒果拟茎点霉(Phomopsis mangiferae Ahmad)、芒果拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis mangiferae)、小穴壳菌(Dothiorella dominicana Petr. & Cif.)等病原菌引起[5-6]。其中,P. mangiferae分布较广,在我国广西、广东、海南、云南、四川、福建和台湾芒果种植区的健康芒果中均有存在,2007~2010年间,胡美姣[6]从以上前6产区果园的芒果果实中分离得到P. mangiferae并进行致病性实验,芒果接种发病率高达89.65%[6-7]。……