左宗棠收复新疆之役的战略合力形成路径探究

董大亮 洪戎

摘 要 为收复新疆，晚清名臣左宗棠采取了一系列卓有成效的战略措施，凝聚起有效的战略合力。左宗棠的战略合力，具体体现在对权力关系、后勤基础、军队整训、外交斗争的重视，本质上就是高效、合理地综合运用政治、经济、军事、外交资源，将资源优势转化为战斗优势。左宗棠凝聚战略合力的路径是统一西征事权、筹集充足粮饷、整训军队、开展外交斗争以配合军事行动，最大限度调动起国内外积极因素，形成了对阿古柏集团的压倒性优势，最终赢得胜利。对于和平时期的国家建设而言，左宗棠为收复新疆而凝聚战略合力的路径，仍具有普遍借鉴意义。

关键词 左宗棠 新疆 西征 战略合力

Abstract Zuo Zongtang， the famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty， implemented a series of effective strategic measures to strategically combine forces to recover Xinjiang. Zuo Zongtang's strategic force combination emphasized power relations， logistical basis， military training and diplomatic struggle. In essence， Zuo Zongtang efficiently and reasonably used political， economic， military and diplomatic resources and made a strong "strategic synergy"， with which he transformed resource advantages into war advantages. The formation path of Zuo Zongtangs strategic force combination lay in uniting the command authority in the Western Expedition， raising adequate food and wages， training the army and carrying out diplomatic struggles to coordinate military operations， thus motivating positive factors at home and abroad to the largest degree， forming an overwhelming advantage over the Aguba Group and ultimately winning the victory. For national construction in peacetime， Zuo Zongtang's process of combining forces for recovering Xinjiang is still of reference significance.

Keyword Zuo Zongtang; Xinjiang; Western Expedition; strategic force combination

被后人誉为晚清四大中兴名臣之一的左宗棠，最为突出的历史功绩，莫过于收复新疆。左宗棠以垂暮之年统帅大军，一举扫荡窃据我国领土多年的阿古柏集团，为风雨飘摇的晚清中国书写了一曲荡气回肠的壮士长歌。左宗棠之所以能在国家极端困难的情况下，恢复“金瓯一片”，固然和清廷的支持、新疆各族人民的協助、前线将士用命有关，但更体现了他为收复新疆而凝聚起来的战略合力的有效性。战略合力，顾名思义，就是在战略高度上指挥调度各种战争因素所形成的合力。左宗棠凝聚战略合力的路径有着鲜明的特点：以建构指挥体制为出发点，统一西征事权;以夯实后勤基础为核心，筹集充足粮饷;以整军备战为关键，提升部队战斗力;以外交斗争为配合，对英俄各个击破。……