一种433.92 MHz印刷天线的设计

杨辉 凃玲英 丰励 帅 亮 尹龙川 曾李 刘枢翰

摘  要： 鉴于汽车轮胎压力监测系统（TPMS）中发射天线在PCB板上走线的局限性，根据传统倒L型印刷天线的结构特点，微带线在介质基板上模仿蛇形天线的走线形式设计了一种433.92 MHz小型化蛇形印刷天线，利用弯折技术极大地减小了天线的结构尺寸，并使用加载匹配网络的方法改善了天线的阻抗特性。使用Ansoft HFSS 15.0仿真软件对天线加载的匹配网络中无源集总元件进行参数分析和优化，推导出天线加载的最佳无源集总元件的匹配值，并对天线的回波损耗、驻波比、天线阻抗和方向图进行了仿真测试。结果表明，优化后的天线在433.92 MHz谐振频点处的回波损耗为-21.64 dB，工作频段为432.84～435.00 MHz，并且具有良好的全向性，可应用在汽车轮胎压力监测系统之中。

关键词： 小型化天线; 蛇形印刷天线; 回波损耗; 天线阻抗匹配; 参数优化; 仿真结果分析

中图分类号： TN82?34                         文献标识码： A                            文章编号： 1004?373X（2020）13?0006?05

Design of a 433.92 MHz printed antenna

YANG Hui1， TU Lingying1， FENG Li1， SHUAI Liang1， YIN Longchuan1， ZENG Li1， LIU Shuhan2

（1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering， Hubei University of Technology， Wuhan 430068， China;

2. School of Economics and Management， Changsha University of Science and Technology， Changsha 410067， China）

Abstract： As the transmission antenna routing has a limitation on PCB in TPMS， a 433.92 MHz miniaturized serpentine printed antenna is designed in this paper by simulating the serpentine antenna on the dielectric substrate and according to the structural characteristics of traditional inverted L type printed antenna， which greatly reduces the structure size of the antenna by using the bending technology. The impedance characteristics of the antenna are improved by loading a matching network. Ansoft HFSS 15.0 simulation software is used to analyze and optimize the parameters of the passive lumped elements in the matching network loaded by the antenna. The optimal matching value of the passive lumped elements loaded by the antenna is derived. The return loss， standing wave ratio， antenna impedance and directional diagram of the antenna were simulated. The results proves that the optimized antenna has a return loss of -21.64 dB at the resonance frequency of 433.92 MHz， and its effective working frequency range is 432.84～435.00 MHz， and it has good omnidirectional performance. Therefore， the antenna can be used in automobile tire pressure monitoring system.

Keywords： miniaturized antenna; serpentine printed antenna; return loss; antenna impedance matching; parameter optimization; simulation result analysis

0  引  言

汽車轮胎压力监测系统（TPMS）能实时监测汽车在行驶过程中每个轮胎中是否出现漏气或低气压的状态，当轮胎出现异常状态时将对驾驶员进行报警提醒，不仅降低了对轮胎的损耗，还避免了交通事故的发生[1?2]。相应地，也避免了交通事故的发生。为了保证监测系统的数据能够实时监控与报警，离不开一个具有良好性能的天线，使得对特定工作频率天线的研究显得尤为重要。汽车轮胎压力监测系统的发射天线的工作频率为433.92 MHz，因为天线安装在轮胎内部的空间较小，汽车在行驶过程中环境不断变化，为了保证汽车在行驶时能够使数据准确可靠传输，所以对胎压天线的方向性和小型化的研究尤为关键。……