《东京2020年残奥会遗产规划》的分析与启示

缪律 史国生

摘    要：因受新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响，2020年东京奥运会延期举办，但是，《东京2020年残奥会遗产规划》仍在继续实施。从《东京2020年残奥会遗产规划》中的遗产类型来看，该届残奥会遗产主要任务是发展日本残疾人体育、改善东京城市无障碍设施、增强日本民众的助残意识;该届残奥会遗产主要有8个方面：有形遗产、体育遗产、精神遗产、文化遗产、社会遗产、环保遗产、经济遗产和区域遗产。从《东京2020年残奥会遗产规划》实施阶段来看，《东京2020年残奥会遗产规划》的实施贯穿2020年东京奥运会的申办期、籌办期、举办期、赛后期。《东京2020年残奥会遗产规划》实施的主要措施有：1）2020年东京奥运会遗产和残奥会遗产同步规划、同步实施，以促进同步发展;2）建立联动与协同工作机制;3）推动2020年东京残奥会的“遗产主题”与“遗产规划”实施的深度融合。由此得到启示：在《2008年北京奥运会遗产规划》和《2022年北京冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产战略计划》实施的基础上，加强北京残奥会遗产治理;延长《2022年北京冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产战略计划》的实施时间，促进中国的残疾人体育可持续发展;加强2022年北京冬残奥会“无形遗产”建设，进一步促进中国“残健共融”社会建设。

关键词：北京2022年冬奥会;北京2022年冬残奥会;东京2020年残奥会;奥运遗产;残疾人体育;可持续发展;新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情

中图分类号：G 811.21          学科代码：040301           文献标识码：A

Abstract：In order to promote the sustainable development of disabled sports in Japan， Tokyo Paralympic Organizing Committee has planned and designed the legacy of 2020 Paralympic Games. Although COVID-19 pandemic caused the delay of the 2020 Olympic Games， Legacy Plan of Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games is still advancing in an orderly way. From the perspective of categories Legacy Plan of Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games mainly includes the development of disabled sports， the improvement of barrier-free urban settings and the environment， and the promotion of social awareness of disability assistance. The 2020 Paralympic legacy includes 8 aspects： tangible legacy， sports legacy， spiritual legacy， cultural legacy， social legacy， environmental legacy， economic legacy and regional legacy. From the perspective of periodization， Legacy Plan of Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games runs through the bidding， basic planning， operation plan， pre-competition testing， operation， competition， post-competition closing and monitoring stage. The main actions of Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games are as follows： 1） Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic legacy should be planned， implemented and developed simultaneously. 2） constructing a working mechanism to give full play to internal and external linkage and efficient coordination. 3） promoting the deep integration of “Paralympic legacy theme” and “Paralympic legacy planning”implementation. From this， we can get some inspirations： on the basis of the implementation of Beijing 2008 Olympic Legacy Planning and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Legacy Strategy Planning， we should strengthen the legacy management of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games， extend the implementation time of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Legacy Planning to promote the sustainable development of Chinas disabled sports; strengthen the construction of the “intangible legacy”of the Beijing Paralympic Games， and further promote the social construction of“integration of disabled people and health” in China.

Keywords：Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games; Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games; Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games; olympic legacy; sports for the disabled; sustainable development; COVID-19 pandemic

多数情况下，残奥会对举办国和举办城市来说是促进城市无障碍设施建设的重要契机[1]，残奥会对举办城市和城市周边地区会产生影响[2]，而且“残奥会遗产规划”对举办国和举办城市的残疾人体育可持续发展有重要作用。……