载脂蛋白B联合颈动脉超声检查在预测缺血性卒中发生风险的价值

2020-08-09 08:56:59林赛珍
中外医疗 2020年15期

林赛珍

[摘要] 目的 探讨载脂蛋白B联合颈动脉超声检查在预测缺血性卒中发生风险的价值。方法 回顾性分析缺血性卒中的患者资料,对两组患者行颈动脉超声检查和血脂分析,并进行比较。结果 急性缺血性卒中组的总胆固醇平均值为(5.37±1.59)mmol/L,高于对照组的总胆固醇平均值(4.78±0.83)mmol/L(t=3.24,P<0.05),急性缺血性卒中组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)平均值为(3.25±1.02)mmol/L,高于对照组的LDL-C平均值(2.78±0.63)mmol/L(t=3.96,P<0.05),急性缺血性卒中组的载脂蛋白B(APOB)平均值为(1.04±0.40)g/L,高于对照组的APOB平均值(0.92±0.20)g/L(t=2.58,P<0.05),急性缺血性卒中组的斑块检出率为98%,对照组的斑块检出率为83%(χ2=12.44,P<0.05),急性缺血性卒中组不稳定斑块的检出率为98%,对照组的不稳定斑块检出率为78%(χ2=18.52,P<0.05),颈动脉狭窄的检出率亦高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 可考虑将APOB测定联合颈动脉超声的检查,用于预测急性缺血性卒中的发生的风险,早发现、早治疗,降低缺血性卒中的发生。

[关键词] 载脂蛋白B;卒中;颈动脉斑块;超声

[Abstract] Objective To explore the value of apolipoprotein B combined with carotid ultrasound in predicting the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized from June 2018 to April 2019 in the hospital and patients with non-acute ischemic stroke hospitalized during the same period were retrospectively collected. Carotid ultrasound and blood lipid analysis were performed on the two groups of patients and compared. Results The mean total cholesterol in the acute ischemic stroke group was (5.37±1.59)mmol/L, which was higher than the mean total cholesterol in the control group (4.78±0.83)mmol/L(t=3.24,P<0.05). The average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the stroke group was (3.25±1.02)mmol/L, which was higher than the average LDL-C in the control group(2.78±0.63) mmol/L(t=3.96,P<0.05), acute average value of apolipoprotein B (APOB) in the ischemic stroke group was (1.04±0.40)g/L, which was higher than the average value of the control group's APOB( 0.92±0.20)g/L(t=2.58,P<0.05). Acute ischemia plaque detection rate in the stroke group was 98%, the plaque detection rate in the control group was 83%(χ2=12.44,P<0.05), and the unstable plaque detection rate in the acute ischemic stroke group was 98%, The detection rate of unstable plaque in the control group was 78%(χ2=18.52,P<0.05), and the detection rate of carotid stenosis was also higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion It is possible to consider the measurement of APOB combined with carotid ultrasound for predicting the risk of acute ischemic stroke, early detection and early treatment, and reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke.

[Key words] Apolipoprotein B; Stroke; Carotid plaque; Ultrasound

缺血性卒中已经和心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤成为目前我国三大死亡疾病,且具有较高的致残率和病死率,缺血性卒中的发生不僅仅对于个人而且对于整个家庭来说都是一个沉重的负担。大动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因之一。高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症是缺血性卒中的危险因素,也是颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成的危险因素。目前尚未有明确的临床或化验的指标能够预测缺血性卒中的发生。研究表明,血脂水平的升高与缺血性卒中的发生密切相关[1]。2019ESC/EAS血脂异常管理指南[2]提出最新的证据表明在动脉粥样硬化的关键起始事件是在动脉壁内保留了低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和其他富含胆固醇的载脂蛋白B(APOB)的脂蛋白,因此LDL-C及APOB在动脉粥样硬化的斑块形成中起到了非常关键的作用。美国脂质学会[3]认为APOB 是引起残余动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险(ASCVD)的一个潜在因素,因为在一些已经达到其非 HDL-C 和LDL-C 治疗目标的个体,APOB 仍有可能升高,这就是所谓的心血管事件的剩留风险。APOB是导致动脉粥样硬化的脂质的主要脂蛋白成分,APOB的浓度可以较好地反映血液中致动脉粥样硬化的成分数量,而颈动脉彩超是一种简单、无创的检查方式,能够反映颅内动脉硬化的程度。……

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