观察ICU新生儿护理中应用发展性照顾后对体质量以及母乳喂养的影响

周丽玲 颜丽华

[摘要] 目的 调研和分析重症加强护理病房（intensive care unit，ICU）新生儿护理中应用发展性照顾后对体质量以及母乳喂养的影响。方法 方便选取该院2014年12月—2018年12月收治的120例ICU新生儿纳入至该次研究，依照数字随机表法将其分为对照组（60例）与观察组（60例），对照组给予ICU基础护理，在此基础上，观察组则行发展性照顾护理，比较两组ICU新生儿的治疗情况，统计体质量变化情况以及母乳喂养情况。结果 对照组新生儿每日睡眠时间、每日喂奶量、体重恢复正常时间以及住院时间情况优于对照组，对比差异有统计学意义（t=62.353、6.785、6.400、19.105，P<0.05）。观察组新生儿的体质量重于观察组，对比差异有统计学意义（t=0.523、6.213、7.435，P<0.05）。观察组新生儿母乳喂养成功率100.00%显著高于对照组90.00%，对比差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.526，P<0.05）。 结论 ICU新生儿护理中采用发展性照顾可有效增加新生儿的体质量，提高母乳喂养率，值得在临床中推广和广泛应用。

[关键词] ICU;新生儿;发展性照顾;体质量;母乳喂养

[Abstract] Objective To investigate and analyze the effects of developmental care on body weight and breastfeeding in neonatal care in the Intensive Care Unit （ICU）. Methods Convenient selection of 120 cases of ICU neonates treated in the hospital from December 2014 to December 2018 were included in this study. They were divided into control group （60 cases） and observation group （60 cases） according to the digital random table method. The control group was given basic ICU care. On this basis， the observation group was given developmental nursing care. The treatment status of ICU newborns in the two groups was compared， and the changes in body weight and breastfeeding were counted. Results The daily sleep time， daily breastfeeding， normal weight recovery time and hospital stay of the newborns in the control group were better than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （t=62.353， 6.785， 6.400， 19.105， P<0.05）. The body weight of the newborns in the observation group was heavier than that in the observation group， and the differences were statistically significant（t=0.523， 6.213， 7.435， P<0.05）. The breastfeeding success rate of the newborn in the observation group was 100.00%， which was significantly higher than that in the control group， 90.00%， and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=10.526， P<0.05）. Conclusion The use of developmental care in neonatal care of ICU can effectively increase the body weight of the newborn and increase the breastfeeding rate. It is worthy of popularization and wide application in the clinic.

[Key words] ICU; Newborn; Developmental care; Body weight; Breastfeeding

新生兒是指从刚出生到28 d之间的婴儿，新生儿在出生时由于自身身体系统功能刚开始发育和成长，免疫功能较弱，无法抵抗外界病毒的侵害，在临床护理上存在着较大的风险，因此，在临床上须采取积极有效的护理措施提高新生儿护理质量，确保新生儿护理的安全[1]。以往研究表明在新生儿出生后常常给予其ICU护理，ICU是医院中医院科室中比较特殊的存在，给予新生儿ICU护理能有效改善新生儿的生长环境，防止新生儿发生感染等并发症，提高了新生儿的存活率，但是由于新生儿年龄的特殊性，ICU工作人员的不足，导致ICU护理人员无法兼顾新生儿，影响了新生儿的护理质量[2]。徐芮等[3]人研究中表明在ICU护理中引入发展性照顾护理模式可有效改善新生儿喂养不耐受状况，促使新生儿正常生长和发育。……