孟宪坤 田建岭
摘要:铁是人体和病原微生物的必需营养素,缺铁是儿童期常见病,可造成贫血、免疫功能下降、认知和运动发育异常等,另外缺铁也可能是人体为对抗某些感染性疾病而发生的适应性改变。人体与病原菌通过不同机制竞争利用铁元素,感染期间补铁因增加了病原菌铁的可获得性,有可能改变疾病的转归。目前,临床上关于缺铁对免疫、感染的关系尚未明确,本文主要就缺铁对免疫、感染的影响作一综述,以期提高临床对儿童缺铁与免疫及感染的认识。
关键词:缺铁;免疫;感染
中图分类号:R72 文獻标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.14.018
文章编号:1006-1959(2020)14-0057-04
The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency and Immunity and Infection in Children
MENG Xian-kun,TIAN Jian-ling
(Department of Pediatrics,Ninghe District Hospital,Tianjin 301500,China)
Abstract:Iron is an essential nutrient for the human body and pathogenic microorganisms. Iron deficiency is a common disease in childhood, which can cause anemia, decreased immune function, abnormal cognitive and motor development, etc. In addition, iron deficiency may also be caused by the human body to fight certain infectious diseases adaptive changes. The human body and pathogenic bacteria compete for the use of iron through different mechanisms. Iron supplementation during infection increases the availability of pathogenic iron, which may change the outcome of the disease. At present, the clinical relationship between iron deficiency on immunity and infection is not clear. This article mainly reviews the effects of iron deficiency on immunity and infection, with a view to improving clinical understanding of iron deficiency, immunity and infection in children.
Key words:Iron deficiency;Immunity;Infection
铁广泛存在于自然界,作为人体和微生物的必须元素,从细胞到分子水平不同层面参与细胞的代谢,包括细胞呼吸、增殖、DNA和蛋白的合成等,而铁缺乏可累及多个系统,表现为贫血、免疫功能低下、精神行为异常、舌炎、异食癖等。缺铁根据程度分为铁减少期、缺铁性红细胞生成期(iron deficient erythropoiesis,IDE)和缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia,IDA)3个阶段,前两个阶段统称为潜伏缺铁(latent iron deficiency,LID)。IDA作为儿童常见的营养性疾病,WHO报告称[1],2011年全球近1.1亿儿童罹患此病。尽管通过饮食强化、口服补铁明显减少了缺铁性疾病,IDA仍为儿童期常见病,尤其是在不发达地区。单纯铁摄入不足、丢失过多等因素并不能完全解释缺铁仍较普遍的原因,也可能是机体为对抗一些疾病而发生的适应性改变[2]。同时,铁作为人体与病原菌竞争利用的营养元素,人体在病原菌感染后通过铁隔离机制减少铁的可获得性以对抗病原菌(营养性免疫)。……