洋金凤色素提取及其稳定性研究

杨运英 邱伊曼 王廷芹

摘要：【目的】研究洋金鳳花瓣色素最佳提取工艺条件及其稳定性，为开发利用洋金凤花瓣的色素资源提供参考依据。【方法】以乙醇为提取溶剂，采用分光光度法确定洋金凤花瓣色素的OD值，通过乙醇体积分数、提取温度和提取时间单因素试验和正交试验确定洋金凤色素最佳提取工艺条件，并在最佳提取条件下研究光、酸碱性、氧化还原物、金属离子和常见食品添加剂等对洋金凤色素稳定性的影响。【结果】洋金凤色素最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度60 ℃、提取时间45 min，在此条件下提取的色素OD均值为1.6810，高于正交试验中最高OD值1.6287。洋金凤花瓣色素既溶于水又溶于醇，提取温度和乙醇体积分数对洋金凤色素提取的影响大，光的影响甚微，在pH<7的酸性环境下能稳定保存;Zn2+和Ca2+对洋金凤花瓣色素无明显影响，而Al3+具有增色效果，Cu2+改变色素颜色;常用食品添加剂蔗糖和可溶性淀粉对洋金凤色素有明显影响，而食盐无显著影响（P>0.05）。【结论】洋金凤花瓣色素具有耐光性，可在酸性和中性环境下保存，金属离子Al3+对洋金凤花瓣色素有增色效果，常见食品添加剂食盐对色素稳定性无影响。洋金凤花瓣色素具有成为食用药用色素的潜力。

关键词： 洋金凤;色素;提取;稳定性

Abstract：【Objective】To study the best process conditions and stability of Caesalpinia pulcherrima petal pigment extraction，and provide reference for the development and utilization of C. pulcherrima petal pigment resources. 【Method】Using ethanol as a solvent，the OD value of C. pulcherrima petal pigment was determined by spectrophotometry. Through the single factor test and orthogonal test of ethanol volume fraction， extraction temperature and time，the optimal combination conditions of pigment extraction were determined. Under the optimal combination of extraction conditions，the effects of light，acidity and alkalinity，redox，metal ions，common food additives on its stability were studied. 【Result】The optimal C. pulcherrima pigment extraction conditions were：ethanol volume fraction 60%，temperature 60 ℃，time 45 min. The average OD value of the extracted pigment was 1.6810，which was higher than the highest OD value of 1.6287 in the orthogonal test. C. pulcherrima petal pigment was soluble in both water and alcohol. Temperature and ethanol volume fraction had great influence on the extraction rate of C. pulcherrima pigment， light had little effect， it could be stored stably in an acidic environment with pH<7. Zn2+ and Ca2+ had no obvious effect on C. pulcherrima petal pigment， Al3+ had color enhancement effect， Cu2+ changed the color of the pigment. Commonly used food additives such as sucrose and soluble starch had an effect on pigments，while table salt had no significant effect（P>0.05）. 【Conclusion】The C. pulcherrima pe-tal pigments has light resistance;it can be stored in an acidic neutral environment;metal ion Al3+ has a color-enhancing effect on C. pulcherrima petal pigment. Common food additive salt has no effect on the stability of pigments. The pigments of C. pulcherrima petals have the potential to become edible medicinal pigments.

Key words： Caesalpinia pulcherrima; pigment; extraction; stability

0 引言

【研究意义】色素分人工合成和天然两种，常用于食品、化妆品和医药品等行业中。人工合成色素大多对人体健康有害，甚至有致畸和致癌的风险（惠秋沙，2011）;而天然色素不仅绝大多数无毒、无副作用、安全性高，还具有抗癌、抗病毒、增强机体免疫力和防治心血管疾病等功能（温广宇和朱文学，2003;徐僡等，2019）。天然色素是一种极具开发前景的物质，其应用是食品添加剂行业发展的新趋势。……