杨昌志


摘 要:为了考察磷尾矿充填井下后,充填体在地下水的浸泡下,对地下水环境的污染情况,以贵州省瓮福磷矿用于井下充填材料,采集不同配比的充填体进行《固体废物 浸出毒性浸出方法 水平振荡法》HJ 557-2009检测。根据检测结果,利用模糊综合评价法,分析评价不同配比的充填体对地下水的污染程度。评价结果表明,不同配比充填体的浸出液对地下水的污染程度不同,合适的配比可以把污染控制在Ⅱ类水标准以内,但充填体对地下水污染程度达到Ⅳ类水的可能极小;不会将地下水污染至Ⅴ类水。
关键词:磷尾矿;充填体;毒性浸出;地下水
中图分类号:TD926.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2020)24-0059-03
Abstract: In order to investigate the pollution of groundwater caused by the filling body of phosphate tailings under the immersion of groundwater, Wengfu Phosphate Mine in Guizhou Province was used as underground filling material, and the fillings with different ratios were collected and then tested by "Solid Waste-Extraction Procedure for Leaching Toxicity-Horizontal Vibration Method HJ 557-2009". According to the test results, the degree of groundwater pollution caused by filling bodies with different ratios is analyzed and evaluated by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluation results show that the degrees of groundwater pollution caused by the leaching solution of different filling bodiesare different, and the appropriate proportion can control the pollution within the standard of type Ⅱ water, but the pollution degree of filling body to groundwater is very small, therefore it will not pollute the groundwater to class V water.
Keywords: phosphate tailings; filling body; toxic leaching; groundwater
前言
瓮福磷矿是我国的主要磷矿基地之一,随着瓮福磷矿可露天开采的磷矿石枯竭,地采将成为主要的开采方式。比较其他采矿方法,充填采矿法可以极大提高矿石回采率,同时可以减少矿石的贫化率,降低选矿成本和选矿难度。应用充填采矿技术,其能够实现废弃物的有效回填,其将开采出来的很多废弃物都重新回填到了地表下面[1]。因此,充填采矿已成为一种高效的开采方法,在目前地采中得到广泛应用[2]。充填体填充到井下后,由于地下水的浸泡,充填体中的有害成分会溶解,如果浓度高,可能对地下水造成污染。
模糊综合评价是以模糊数学为基础,应用模糊关系合成的原理,将一些边界不清、不易定量的因素定量化,进行综合评价的一种方法[3]。瓮福磷……