唐月明 罗芳耀 沈学善


摘要 为明确黑美人、蓉紫芋5号2个紫色马铃薯品种的营养品质,以四川地区栽培的2个马铃薯品种为试验材料,分析测定及评价其质量参数(单薯重、薯块形状、表皮颜色、芽眼深浅和个数、果肉硬度、干物质含量)和营养参数(淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚、花青素、抗氧化能力)指标。结果表明,黑美人和蓉紫芋5号为紫皮紫肉倒锥形薯肉块茎,干物质率约19%,其中蓉紫芋5號平均单薯重较重,黑美人质地较硬,但两者差异较小;蓉紫芋5号的淀粉、可溶性糖、总酚及花青素含量高于黑美人,而黑美人的可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化值高于蓉紫芋5号。综上所述,黑美人和蓉紫芋5号是适合大众食用的高营养、低成本且富含抗氧化物质的粮食作物。
关键词 紫色马铃薯;营养成分;质量性状
中图分类号 S532 文献标识码 A
文章编号 1007-5739(2020)15-0052-03 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)
Abstract In order to determine the nutritional quality of two purple potatoes of Heimeiren Rongziyu No. 5, two varieties of potatoes cultivated in Sichuan were used as test materials. Their quality parameters (single potato weight, potato shape, skin color, depth and number of bud eyes, pulp hardness, dry matter content) and nutritional parameters (starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein, total phenol, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity) were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: Heimeiren and Rongziyu No. 5 were purple inverted cone potato tubers, and the dry matter rate was about 19%. The average potato weight of Rongziyu No. 5 was slightly heavier than that of Heimeiren, and Heimeiren was slightly harder than Rongziyu No. 5; the content of starch, soluble sugar, total phenol and anthocyanin in Rongziyu No. 5 was slightly higher than that of Heimeiren, and the soluble protein and antioxidant value of Heimeiren was slightly higher than that of Rongziyu No. 5. Heimeiren and Rongziyu No. 5 were rich in antioxidants, and were a high-nutrition value and low-cost food crop suitable for public consumption.
Key words purple potato;nutrient content;quality parameter
马铃薯为一年生草本块茎植物,由于成本低、产量高、适应性较强,是我国仅次于小麦、水稻、玉米之后的第四大粮食作物,是食品及加工产业重要的原料作物,素有“地下苹果”之称[1-2]。在自然界中有5 000多个马铃薯品种[3],除了常见的黄肉、白肉品种外,还有粉红、红、黑、紫等肉色的马铃薯。薯肉颜色主要由类胡萝卜素和花色苷2类化合物决定,类胡萝卜素使之呈白色、黄色或橘黄色[4],花色苷使之呈现红、紫、蓝、橙等彩色[5]。其中,紫色马铃薯营养丰富,不仅含有普通马铃薯的营养成分,还富含抗氧化物质花青素,对人体具有抗衰老、抗炎、抗癌等保健功能,比普通马铃薯更具发展潜力,是理想的功能保健食品[6-7]。……