Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe

本模块知识网络

tune   v.

witness   v.

assume   v.

burst   v.

depend   v.

view   v.

acknowledge   v.

accuse   v.

swear   v.

foresee   v.

ought   modal v.

pray   v.

consult   v.

shuttle   n.

patience   n.

planet   n.

decade   n.

deed   n.

tension   n.

defeat   n.

authority   n.

sorrow   n.

latter   n.

grasp   n.

relief   n.

glory   n.

division   n.

airspace   n.

motherland   n.

aid   n.

sympathy   n.

commitment   n.

faith   n.

dignity   n.

devotion   n.

scholar   n.

observation   n.

assumption   n.

newsflash   n.

joint   adj.

accustomed   adj.

historic   adj.

advanced   adj.

random   adj.

autonomous   adj.

abstract   adj.

broad   adj.

consistent   adj.

holy   adj.

acute   adj.

stable   adj.

supreme   adj.

inescapable   adj.

underway   adj.

backwards   adv.

arguably   adv.

deliberately   adv.

常用短語

in spite of

a series of

pray for

be similar to

set in motion

set out

at the very beginning of

accuse sb of doing sth

词汇短语园地

1. accustomed   adj.   习惯的

搭配：

be accustomed to （doing） sth = be used to （doing） sth   习惯于（做）某事

Im accustomed to the school life here now.

现在我习惯这儿的学校生活了。

I have been accustomed to going to bed early and getting up early for years.

我已习惯于早睡早起数年了。

accustom   v.   使……习惯于

It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.

我花了一段时间才适应所有新的规章制度。

2. witness   v.   目击，亲眼看见;亲身经历

Did you witness the accident？

你亲眼看到那场事故了吗？

（1） witness   v.   作证（常与against，for，to等连用）

I think she will witness against him.

我认为她会作证他有罪。

He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.

他作证说曾看到此人走进大楼。

（2） witness   n.   目击者;见证人

He was one of the witnesses at our wedding.

他是我们婚礼的证婚人之一。

be （a） witness to sth   目击某事发生;为某事提供证据

bear/give witness （to sth）   为……作证;证明

3. assume   v.   假定，假设

搭配：

（1） assume + sth/that从句   假定、认为……

We cant assume anything in this case.

在这种情形下我们无法做出任何揣测。

I assume that you always get up at the same time.

我想你总是在同一时间起床。

（2） assume sb/sth to be...   假设某人/某物是……

Hes not such a fool as you assumed him to be.

他并非你所认为的那样愚蠢。

assumption   n.   假定，假设

on the assumption that... / assuming that...   假定……

Assuming that/On the assumption that the proposal is accepted， when are we going to get the money？

假定这个建议被采纳，我们何时能拿到钱？

4. patience   n.   耐心

The work requires both skill and patience.

这项工作既需要技术又需要耐心。

搭配：

be out of patience with   耐不住…… ;对…… 忍无可忍

have no patience with   对……不能容忍;对…… 没有耐心

have patience to do sth   做某事有耐心

be patient with sb   对某人有耐心

be patient of sth   忍耐某事

patiently = with patience   耐心地

5. burst   v.   爆炸

I carry a spare tyre in the boot of the car in case one bursts.

我带了一个备用轮胎放在后备厢里，以防爆胎。

burst into tears/laughter/cheers   突然大哭/大笑/欢呼起来

burst out crying/laughing/singing   突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起來

burst into the room   闯入屋里

burst with anger   勃然大怒

burst with joy/happiness   非常高兴

burst in   突然插嘴;打断

burst open   （使）猛然打开

6. acknowledge   v.   承认;认为

搭配：

（1） acknowledge+sth/that从句   承认……

（2） acknowledge doing...   承认做过……

（3） acknowledge... as/to be...   认为……是……（常用于被动形式）

（4） Its widely/universally acknowledged that...   大家普遍认为……

They acknowledged their responsibility for the bombing. = They acknowledged that they were responsible for the bombing.

他们承认对这起爆炸事件负责。

Zhang Yimou is acknowledged as one of the best movie directors in China nowadays.

= Its acknowledged that Zhang Yimou is one of the best movie directors in China nowadays.

张艺谋被公认为是中国当今最优秀的电影导演之一。

acknowledge   v.   告知（收到）;感谢

She walked right past me without acknowledging me.

她从我身旁走过，连个招呼也没打。

His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present.

公司送他一份礼物，答谢他为公司的长期服务。

7. defeat   n.   失败

I never consider the possibility of defeat.

我从未考虑有失败的可能性。

defeat   v.   击败;战胜

辨析：

比较beat， defeat和win

（1） beat和defeat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜、击败（对手）”，后接竞争对手。

The news that he has been defeated/beaten in the election is not true.

他在大选中被击败的消息不属实。

（2） win“战胜、赢得”，其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。竞争对手不能作其宾语。

win a game/match/race   在游戏/比赛/赛跑中获胜

win a gold medal   （在比赛、竞赛中）赢得金牌

win support   赢得支持

8. accuse   v.   指责

搭配：

accuse sb of sth/doing sth   控告某人某事/做某事

The police accused him of murder.

警方指控他谋杀。

She accused him of stealing her watch.

她控告他偷她的表。

辨析：

比较accuse， charge和blame

（1） accuse指当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭。

（2） charge指因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉，可构成charge sb with sth的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。

The police are going to charge him with murder.

警察准备控告他谋杀。

（3） blame指对不好的事物或对做错事的人给予责备，可构成blame sb for （doing） sth或sb is to blame for sth的搭配。

The driver was to blame for the accident.

这起交通事故的责任应归责于这个司机。

9. relief   n.   安慰;宽慰

To my great relief， I wasnt late.

我庆幸的是没有迟到。

搭配：

Its a great relief to do sth   做某事让人宽慰

Its a great relief to find you here.

见到你在这儿我就放心了。

to ones relief   使某人感到庆幸或宽慰的是

in relief   如释重负地

bring/give relief to   给…… 带来宽慰

10. consult   v.   咨询;请教

搭配：

consult sb about sth   就某事向某人征求意见

He consulted his lawyer about the case.

他就此案向律师做了咨询。

consult a doctor   看醫生

consult with sb   与某人商量

consult a map/dictionary   查阅地图/词典

consult ones notes   查看某人的筆记

11. in spite of   不管

In spite of the heavy snow， he drove downtown.

尽管下着大雪，他还是开车去了城里。

搭配：

in spite of/despite the fact that...   不管…… 的事实

辨析：

比较in spite of和although/though

in spite of是介词短语，后接宾语。although/though是连词，后接从句。

They had a wonderful holiday in spite of the bad weather.

= They had a wonderful holiday though/although the weather was bad.

尽管天气不好，他们还是度过了一个美好的假期。

regardless of   不管;不顾

12. set out   开始做;着手进行

搭配：

set out to do sth = set about doing sth = get down to doing sth

着手、开始做某事

At five in the morning he set out to do （set about doing） his work.

清晨五点他就开始工作。

set out for = set off for = leave for   动身去……

Having said goodbye to their friends， they set out （set off） for Paris.

他们向朋友告别后，就动身去巴黎了。

跟踪导练

阅读理解

A

Why should mankind explore space？ Why should money， time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits？ Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth？ These are questions that， understandably， are very often asked.

Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains， and into all possible areas and environments？ The wider the spread of a species， the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

Exploration also allows minerals （矿物） and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them， they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction， in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products （副产品） of technological developments in the space.

While many resources are spent on what seems a small return， the exploration of space allows creative， brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. The danger exists， but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space， the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

While Earth is the only planet known to support life， surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different， but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.

1. Why does the author raise the questions in Paragraph 1？

A. To express his doubts.

B. To compare different ideas.

C. To introduce points for discussion.

D. To describe the conditions on Earth.

2. Why do humans like to explore according to Paragraph 2？

A. They are born to do so.

B. They have the tendency to fight.

C. They like to stay in different places.

D. They want to find new sources of food.

3. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ___ .

A. survival chances B. potential resources

C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions

4. What does the author mainly want to tell us about space exploration？

A. It has created many wonders.

B. It provided the best value for money.

C. It can benefit science and technology.

D. It may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.

B

Forget lighting a Christmas tree in the traditional way， with strings of lights plugged into the wall. The Living Planet Aquarium （水族馆） in Sandy， Utah is using one of its very own residents—an electric eel （电鳗）—to twinkle its tree.

“Visitors can visually and audibly experience the power of our electric eel and get a real sense of how amazing this creature is，” said Angie Hyde， the aquariums marketing director.

For the past three years， Sparky， an electric eel that is part of the aquariums “Journey To South America” gallery， has been “sparking” the five-foot tall tree with electric currents that he gives off into the water. With two stainless-steel electrodes （不銹钢电极）， the currents are connected to sequencers， which in turn produce flashing lights. The rate at which they blink depends on the power Sparky produces.

“Hes just doing his natural， normal activity. It teaches visitors about the eel and what its all about，” said Hyde.

Hyde said visitors have warmly welcomed Sparky and his glowing talent， which she said will become a regular holiday tradition. The display is sponsored by a local power company， Cache Valley Electric. It will run until Dec. 31.

“We thought wed put a festive twist on it for the holidays， which has been a huge hit with our members and visitors，” Hyde said.

Native to the waters of the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America， electric eels possess organs with nearly 6，000 specialized cells， or electrolytes that can store as much as five times the power one can get from a US wall plug.

“This really helps give a visual idea of what an animal really does on a daily basis in a really creative way，” Hyde said.

5. What does the underlined word “twinkle” in Paragraph 1 mean？

A. Paint.

B. Decorate.

C. Make something shine.

D. Make something strong.

6. What can be learned about Sparky？

A. It works in the Living Planet Aquarium.

B. It blinks at certain rate from time to time.

C. It is an electric eel belonging to an aquarium.

D. It is connected with stainless-steel electrodes.

7. According to Hyde， what can be inferred about the display？

A. It operates every festival of the year.

B. It gives us a better understanding of eels.

C. It has won much profit for the aquarium.

D. It is met with some animal activists criticism.

8. What could be the best title of the text？

A. Introduction of the Electric Eels

B. A New Form of Energy Developed

C. Electric Eels Decorate Christmas Trees

D. Electric Eels Power Christmas Tree Lights

閱读七选五

We are all called upon to make a public speech at some point in life， but most of us dont make it a pleasant job.

So， you have to give a speech—and you are deeply terrified. You get nervous from the beginning of it， you stumble （结结巴巴） over words， and you bore your audience. Later you think， “Thank Goodness， its over. Im just not good at public speaking. I hope Ill never have to do that again.”

Cheer up！  Here are some easy-to-do steps to take the pain out of speech making. First， ask yourself the purpose of your speech. Then spend plenty of your time gathering and organizing your material. Use as many examples as possible， and use pictures， charts， and graphs if they can help you make your points more clearly.  Dont talk over their heads， and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember： Be well prepared. Understand your subject， your audience， and the occasion. Be brief.  And be yourself. Let your true personality come through in order that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.

If you follow these simple but useful steps， you will see that you dont have to be afraid of public speeches. As a matter of fact， you may find the experience so enjoyable that you really want to have more of them！ Youre still not convinced yet？  You will get impressed by yourself.

A. Never forget your audience.

B. It doesnt have to be that bad.

C. Give it a try and see what happens.

D. Say what you have to say and then stop.

E. Dont say what you arent familiar with.

F. Take several deep breaths before you speak.

G. This article gives some advice on how to give a good speech.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

完形填空

I love feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden. On the ground， I put out black-oiled sunflower seeds， broken peanuts， and  grapes and apples. Some birds respond to their daily  when I call out the names Ive given them.

About three years ago， I noticed a newcomer to this festive （歡乐的） . It was a baby chipmunk （金花鼠）， apparently on its own. Over that summer， I watched it . The next summer， the chipmunk was back， and I wondered whether it would  me to feed it by hand. I named it Chip.

I decided to employ the  I use to persuade wild cats to come close for food： patience， a soft voice， slow  repetition.

Before Chip would ， Id put down its favorite ， sunflower seeds， bent down and kept very . Id left my  hand in place， unmoving， so the animal would know I wouldnt  it. I continued doing this for a few weeks.

Finally， late in that second summer， Chip did  more trust. One day as I  a seed in my fingertips， it approached and carefully took the seed into its mouth.

After about two months of this ， I went further. With my finger， I touched its back  once. Chip stayed still， eating seeds， before  into the bushes. Today， the chipmunk comes out of hiding when I call its name， and lets me  its soft， silky body.

Ive developed a greater respect for nature and its and the opportunity to ， protect and save wildlife.

1. A. deserted B. wasted C. cut D. boiled

2. A. meeting B. hunting C. fighting D. feeding

3. A. display B. change C. advance D. progress

4. A. escape B. grow C. disappear D. recover

5. A. trust B. encourage C. surround D. require

6. A. theory B. methods C. system D. advantages

7. A. responses B. introduction C. gestures D. judgement

8. A. approach B. starve C. suffer D. blink

9. A. cage B. toy C. game D. food

10. A. serious B. still C. polite D. cold

11. A. full B. dirty C. busy D. open

12. A. catch B. affect C. imitate D. measure

13. A. receive B. show C. earn D. understand

14. A. gathered B. sprayed C. offered D. drew

15. A. record B. exhibition C. research D. routine

16. A. gently B. hopefully C. quickly D. guiltily

17. A. digging B. looking C. rushing D. breaking

18. A. pet B. press C. grasp D. nurse

19. A. plants B. art C. creatures D. adventure

20. A. visit B. observe C. represent D. select

语法填空

Do you enjoy1（explore） the great outdoors？ Lately， rock climbing has become very popular. Cliff ecosystems are home2many living things. Since climbing is a3（fair） new activity， we dont know its impact on cliff ecosystems.

Here， we studied how climbers affect birds that nest on cliffs. We4（select） cliffs that face different directions. Half of the cliffs are visited by lots of climbers and half by very few climbers.5（compare） the number and species of birds on these different cliffs， we found that east-facing cliffs have the6（great） number and diversity of birds. Our results show that north-facing cliffs are the best option for new climbing routes7it comes to protecting wildlife. Our solution may help the area to handle the growing number of climbers while protecting cliff ecosystems.

Our results show that rock climbing doesnt impact the number of birds on a cliff， but it does reduce the diversity of birds on each cliff. Our study helps us understand8living things respond to rock climbing. But we need to keep in mind that each climbing area has9（it） own unique conditions. We need to study the combined impacts of natural and human factors for every10（locate）.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

6.                7.                8.                9.                10.

短文改錯

Its been two years when I joined the campus radio station. Up to now， I had done several interviews. Every time I finished to writing an article， I was proud of myself for able to introduce my schoolmates to the things Id seen. It was difficult at times， but when I saw my stories publish in our school newspaper， you knew that it was something worth doing. My parents， teachers and schoolmates congratulated me on that I did. I felt happily when I shared a new story with them. The greatest thing about being the reporter is that I can share my thoughts with other.