城市老人社区居家养老服务需求的质性研究

徐鋆娴 马小琴 任娄涯

[摘要] 目的 探讨城市社区老人对社区居家养老服务的需求。 方法 2018年10月～2019年2月，采用目的抽样法，选取11例居家养老服务人员和13例居家老人作为受访者，采用质性研究中现象学的方法对其进行非结构性访谈，采用Colaizzi分析法对访谈资料进行整理和分析。 结果 本研究共提炼出4个主题：居家老人希望获得生活照料;获得医疗护理服务;获得心理支持和法律援助;居家养老服务融入“互联网+”手段。 结论 居家养老服务需求日益多样化，但居家养老服务形式相对单一，应积极推进“互联网+居家养老服务”和时间银行居家互助养老模式。

[关键词] 社区;居家养老;服务需求;质性研究

[中图分类号] R473          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2020）18-0159-05

Qualitative research on the demands of home-based care service in urban elderly communities

XU Junxian1   MA Xiaoqin2   REN Louya2

1.Medical College of Jiaxing University， Jiaxing   314033， China; 2.Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Hangzhou   310053， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the demands of elderly people in urban communities for home-based care service. Methods 11 home-based care service workers and 13 home seniors from October 2018 to February 2019 were selected as the interviewees using the purpose sampling method. Unstructured interviews were conducted by using phenomenological methods in qualitative research. The interview data were organized and analyzed by using Colaizzi analysis method. Results In this study， a total of 4 themes were extracted including the elderly at home wishing to receive life care; access to medical care services， obtaining psychological support and legal assistance， and integrating home care services into the "Internet+" approach. Conclusion The demand for home-based care services is increasingly diversified， but the form of home-based care services is relatively simple. We should actively promote "Internet+home care services" and time bank home mutual pension model.

[Key words] Community; Home-based care services; Service demands; Qualitative research

随着社会老龄化程度的加剧，传统的家庭养老观念正逐渐被挑战。为积极应对此种趋势，我国积极推进社会养老服务体系建设，社区居家养老服务应运而生[1-2]。社区居家养老是以家庭为基础，社区为依托，国家政策为保障，综合运用新一代信息技术，家庭、个人、社区、国家、非营利性组织及市场共同参与的新型养老服务模式[3-5]。浙江省自1987年就已进入老龄化社会，截止2016年，全省60岁以上户籍人口约1030.62万（20.96%），其中，80岁以上的高龄老人约161.25万（15.64%），失能半失能老人约76.81万人（7.45%）[6]。杭州、嘉兴老龄化程度远高于全省平均水平[7]，杭州老年人口数最多，嘉兴则位居全省老龄化程度第2位[6]。在既往研究中较多学者[8-10]采用量性研究，调查分析城市居家老人社区养……