王鸿宇 赵玲 石雪



摘 要:稠油具有密度高、黏度大、胶质沥青质含量高等特性,使得稠油在开采后地面处理难度非常大。从稠油整体物性入手,分析稠油样品的宏观特性。针对稠油蒸馏脱水实验样品表现出的暴沸现象,利用建模方法建立稠油暴沸情况下的气泡平衡模型,对稠油样品的加热破乳的临界温度进行了探索。最终设计实验,利用密闭加热的方式,稠油中的水相突破油相中活性物质极性共价键的作用,达到脱水破乳的效果。处理后的稠油含水率低于0.5%,满足外输要求。
关 键 词:稠油;暴沸;气泡平衡模型;脱水工艺
中图分类号:TE 86 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)04-0518-04
Abstract: Heavy oil has the characteristics of high density, high viscosity and high content of gum asphaltene, which makes the treatment of heavy oil very difficult after exploitation. Starting from the analysis of physical properties of heavy oil as a whole, the macroscopic characteristics of heavy oil samples were analyzed. Then, aiming at the phenomenon of boiling-out in the experimental samples of distillation and dehydration of heavy oil, the bubble equilibrium model under the condition of boiling-out of heavy oil was established by using the modeling method, and the critical temperature of heating demulsification of heavy oil samples was explored. Finally, experiments were designed to treat the heavy oil in the way of closed heating. Water phase broke through the polar covalent bond of active substance in oil phase to achieve dehydration and demulsification effect. After treatment, the water content of heavy oil was less than 0.5%, meeting the requirement of transportation.
Key words: Heavy oil; Boiling; Bubble equilibrium model; Dehydration process
随着油田的不断开采,部分常规油气田进入开采后期,因此,渐渐将石油开采的范围扩大到了稠油的开采与利用上[1]。稠油在热采过程中,由于剪切力的作用形成稳定的稠油乳液,与此同时稠油的密度高、黏度大、胶质与沥青质的含量也高于普通原油,从而使得稠油在开采过后,地面的处理难度大[2]。因此,研究稠油的物理性质以及在研究过程中发现的暴沸现象为将来解决稠油破乳脱水难的问题有着重要的启示作用。
针对以上的研究思路,首先对采集的稠油实验样品的物理性质进行了分析,然后通过蒸馏脱水试验人为还原暴沸现象,并且对实验过程中的现象进行记录,而后通过物理学模型结合实验现象对暴沸過程中产生的气泡进行建模,根据模型探索出该种油品暴沸时的临界温度,利用暴沸所得到的临界温度用于设计新型的稠油脱水实验装置,并且最终对实验装置的实验效果以及优缺点进行了评价。……