糖尿病患者人工全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的有效预防

陈秀霞

[摘要] 目的 探究糖尿病患者人工全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的有效预防。方法 选取2017年5月—2019年3月在该院接受人工全膝关节置换术治疗的糖尿病患者30例，对照组采取常规护理，观察组实施循证护理，考察患者的血栓形成情况、超声检查结果、血液学指标及血浆凝血指标情况。结果 两组患者均未出现深静脉血栓，两组患者均未出现深静脉血栓，观察组超声检查结果血流瘀滞发生率（6.67%）显著低于对照组（26.67%），观察组的D-二聚体含量显著低于对照组，观察组的活化部分凝血酶原时间显著长于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 循证护理可以有效预防糖尿病患者人工全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓的形成。

[关键词] 人工全膝关节置换术;深静脉血栓形成;术后护理;有效预防;循证护理

[中图分类号] R473.6          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1672-4062（2020）06（a）-0092-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effective prevention of deep vein thrombosis after diabetic total knee replacement. Methods From May 2017 to March 2019， 30 diabetic patients underwent artificial total knee arthroplasty in the hospital. The control group took routine care. The observation group implemented evidence-based nursing. The patients were examined for thrombosis and ultrasound examination results， hematological indicators and plasma coagulation indicators. Results There was no deep vein thrombosis in the two groups of patients， and no deep vein thrombosis in the two groups. The incidence of blood stasis （6.67%） in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group（26.67%）. The content of D-dimer was significantly lower than that of the control group， and the activated partial prothrombin time of the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Evidence-based nursing can effectively prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis after diabetic total knee replacement.

[Key words] Artificial total knee replacement; Deep vein thrombosis; Postoperative care; Effective prevention; Evidence-based care

膝關节骨性关节疾病是临床常见的慢性疾病，临床治疗晚期膝关节骨性关节疾病最为有效的方式之一就是人工全膝关节置换术，人工全膝关节置换术可以有效缓解患者关节疼痛等症状，改善患者的生存质量，在临床上广泛应用，技术较为成熟，人工全膝关节置换术作为一种有创手术，术后需要卧床恢复，治疗的患者也一般年龄较大，机体需要较长时间的恢复，在长时间的卧床过程中，患者下肢血流较为缓慢，很容易出现深静脉血栓等并发症[1]。深静脉血栓大多形成在患者下肢，严重的容易引发肺栓塞等并发症，威胁患者的生命安全，临床良好的护理措施可以预防深静脉血栓的形成、合理控制糖尿病危害，具有重要的临床意义[2]，以该院于2017年5月—2019年3月收治的30例患者为例，旨在探究糖尿病患者人工全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的有效预防，报道如下。……