96例食管癌术后患者肺部感染发生原因分析及护理措施研究

林春燕?谢月桂

【摘要】 目的：分析食管癌术后患者肺部感染发生原因，制定相应护理措施，以降低肺部感染风险。方法：选取笔者所在医院2016年1月-2019年1月收治的食管癌患者96例，均行手术治疗，统计本组患者基础资料，分析食管癌术后肺部感染发生原因，并制定相应护理措施。结果：本组96例食管癌患者中，术后发生肺部感染22.92%（22/96），其中年龄、长期吸烟史、手术时间、手术吻合方式、合并基础病是食管癌术后肺部感染影响因素（P<0.05）;经Logistic回归分析，年龄≥60岁、长期吸烟史、手术时间≥3 h、胸部吻合、合并基础病均为食管癌术后肺部感染危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：年龄≥60岁、长期吸烟史、手术时间≥3 h、胸部吻合、合并基础病为食管癌术后患者肺部感染重要危险因素，临床需给予术后患者相应护理措施，降低肺部感染风险，提高手术治疗效果。

【关键词】 肺部感染 食管癌 发生原因 危险因素 护理措施

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.21.067 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2020）21-0-03

Analysis of Causes of Pulmonary Infection in 96 Patients with Esophageal Cancer after Operation and Study of Nursing Measures/LIN Chunyan， XIE Yuegui. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research， 2020， 18（21）： -166

[Abstract] Objective： To analyze the causes of pulmonary infection in patients with esophageal cancer after operation， and to make corresponding nursing measures to reduce the risk of pulmonary infection. Method： A total of 96 patients with esophageal cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were selected for surgical treatment. The basic data of this group of patients were collected， the causes of postoperative pulmonary infection of esophageal cancer were analyzed， and the corresponding nursing measures were formulated. Result： In the 96 patients with esophageal cancer， 22.92% （22/96） of them had pulmonary infection after operation. Age， long-term smoking history， operation time， operation anastomotic mode and combined with basic diseases were the influencing factors （P<0.05）. By Logistic regression analysis， age≥60 years old， long-term smoking history， operation time≥3 h， chest anastomotic and combined with basic diseases all were risk factors for pulmonary infection after esophagectomy （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Age≥60 years old， long-term smoking history， operation time≥3 h， chest anastomoses and basic diseases are important risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with esophageal cancer after operation. Clinical nursing measures should be given to patients after operation to reduce the risk of pulmonary infection and improve the effect of operation.

[Key words] Pulmonary infection Esophageal cancer Causes Risk factors Nursing measures

First-authors address： Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Fujian Medical University， Fuzhou 350001， China

食管癌為消化道常见恶性肿瘤之一，多发于40岁以上男性群体，早期无明显症状，中晚期可伴发吞咽困难，对患者生活质量及生命安全造成严重影响[1-2]。目前，手术切除是食管癌首选治疗方法，而术后易诱发肺部感染，发生率高达9%～25%，且感染严重者病死率较高[3-4]。研究发现，对术后肺部感染并发症相关诱发因素进行分析，并及时施行有效护理措施，对提高手术成功率，降低肺部感染发生率具有重要意义[5]。基于此，本研究选取食管癌患者96例，旨在探究食管癌术后肺部感染发生原因及有效护理措施，报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取笔者所在医院2016年1月-2019年1月收治的食管癌患者96例。纳入标准：经病理证实为食管癌，均行手术治疗;意识清醒，生命体征平稳。排除标准：临床资料不全;精神系统疾病、智力障碍;术前接受相关治疗;严重系统性病变及器质性病变。其中男56例，女40例;年龄31～82岁，平均（66.59±7.88）岁;吻合方式：胃食管颈部吻合88例，胸内吻合8例。……