人脸识别国际监管经验及规制建议

摘   要：人脸识别是人工智能不断发展的一种技术应用。近年来，人脸识别已在电子支付等诸多领域广泛使用，但同时也暗含着滥用等诸多风险。目前，我国在相关专门立法尚未出台之际，已先行实施了人脸识别线下支付行业自律公约。文章在分析了美国、欧盟和法国关于人脸识别专门立法与人工智能监管的基础上，认为上述地区已在立法与监管方面迈出了实质性步伐，值得借鉴。文章建议我国应该立法引领个人信息保护机制，构建多层次的人工智能治理体系，并逐渐完善人脸识别应用的相关规范制度，从而结束“人脸裸奔”现状。

关键词：人脸识别;生物识别数据;人工智能;执法部门;法律规制建议

中图分类号： TP309          文献标识码：A

Abstract： Facial recognition technology increasingly relies on artificial intelligence， to sift through still images or video of people's faces and obtain identity matches. In recent years， facial recognition has been widely used in electronic payment and many other fields， but it also has many risks at the same time， such as abuse of this technology. At present， when the relevant special legislation has not yet been introduced， China has issued first industry guidelines for facial recognition offline payments. Based on the analysis of the special legislation of facial recognition and artificial intelligence supervision in the United States， EU and France， this paper holds that those countries have taken substantial steps in legislation and supervision. In the future， this article suggests that China should start drafting a law on personal information protection， establishing a multi-level governance framework for artificial intelligence， and gradually improving the relevant norms of facial recognition applications， so as to put an end to the abuse of this technology.

Key words： facial recognition; biometric data; artificial intelligence; law enforcement agency; legal regulation advise

1 引言

2020年1月10日，首次以“加强大数据时代个人信息保护”为主题的全国政协网络议政远程协商会在北京举行。来自全国政协的14位委员与专家通过远程连线的方式，就如何平衡个人信息保护与数据产业发展建言献计，其中如何应对人脸识别风险隐忧，成为委员专家们热议的话题。

就在政协委员们热议人脸识别等话题之际，1月21日，由中国支付清算协会发布的全国首个人脸识别线下支付行业自律公约正式实施，进一步规范了人脸识别线下支付，防范刷脸支付的安全风险。消息一出，引起国内民众对人脸识别的再次广泛热议。这标志着人脸识别应用风险的防范需要法律政策、行业自律、技术保障等诸多方式予以规制应对。……