国有企业混合所有制改革历史逻辑与发展方向

周正

[摘 要] 国有企业改革是我国经济体制改革的中心环节。改革开放40年来，国有企业历经放权让利、两权分离、建立现代企业制度、国资监管和混合所有制改革五个发展阶段;始终坚持以马克思所有制理论和实践为指导，坚持社会主义市场化改革方向，以产权改革为导向，坚持“借鉴—试点—推广”的渐进式改革路径，坚持以法律法规保障国有企业改革实践，国有企业改革已经取得了明显成效。新时期国有企业要继续做大做强，提升国际竞争力，实现高质量发展，需要进一步深化混合所有制改革，坚持分类推进原则、平等性原则和法制性原则，在实践中不断探索混合所有制的多种实现形式，以混合所有制改革推动公司治理结构完善。

[关键词] 国有企业;改革历程;产权改革;混合所有制改革

[中图分类号] F740[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1009-6043（2020）08-0102-02

Abstract： The reform of state-owned enterprises is the central link of China's economic system reform. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up， state-owned enterprises have gone through five development stages： decentralization of power and profit， separation of two powers， establishment of modern enterprise system， supervision of state-owned assets and reform of mixed ownership. They always adhere to the guidance of Marxist ownership theory and practice， adhere to the direction of socialist market-oriented reform， take the reform of property rights as the guidance， and adhere to the gradual reform path of "reference-pilot-promotion" with laws and regulations to protect the practice of state-owned enterprise reform. As a result， state-owned enterprise reform has achieved remarkable results. In the new period， if the state-owned enterprises want to continue to be bigger and stronger， enhance their international competitiveness and achieve high-quality development， they need to further deepen the reform of mixed ownership， adhere to the principles of classified promotion， equality and legality， and constantly explore various forms of realization of mixed ownership in practice， so as to promote the improvement of corporate governance structure through the reform of mixed ownership.

Key words： state-owned enterprises， reform process， property rights reform， mixed ownership reform

国有企业是中国特色社会主义经济的“顶梁柱”，是实现国家治理体系现代化的重要一环，是落实新发展理念的排头兵。改革开放40年来的国企改革之路依循产权改革的方向，以建立现代企业制度，增强国有企业竞争力为目标，取得了明显的成效，国有经济布局调整取得明显进展，国有企业效率有所提高。本文紧扣国企改革实践需求，以产权改革为主线，对国企改革的探索和实践进行阶段性梳理，在操作层面提出进一步深化混合所有制改革的建议。根据各个时期改革的主要任务、目标以及改革措施等方面……