查飞琴 吴伟敏
摘 要:回顾国外K-12阶段计算思维教学相关实证研究,并在此基础上探讨计算思维教育研究前景。采用关键词检索对网络数据库进行系统检索,共收录34篇SSCL期刊实证类论文。研究考察因素包括参与者年级或年龄、样本组、教学策略、教学工具、编程语言、研究内容。研究结果表明,相关研究内容可归为4个主题:采用某个软件或课程培养学生计算思维、以提升吸引力为主的可视化少儿编程课程、开发量表或工具评价计算思维、从变量角度分析计算思维技能组成部分。
关键词:计算思维;教学活动;K-12;培养方式
DOI:10. 11907/rjdk. 192367 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
中图分类号:TP434文獻标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7800(2020)008-0281-04
Abstract: This paper aims to review foreign empirical studies on the teaching and learning of computational thinking in k-12 stage, and discuss the future research prospects of CT education on this basis. A total of 34 empirical papers of SSCL journals were included in the systematic retrieval of online database by keyword retrieval. Each paper focuses on the following factors: participant grade or age, sample group, teaching strategies, teaching tools, programming language, and research content. The research results show that the research content of the thesis can be classified into the following four topics: adopting a certain software or course to cultivate students computational thinking; Visual children programming courses focusing on improving attractiveness; Develop a scale or tool to evaluate computational thinking; Analyze the components of computational thinking skills from the perspective of variables.
Key Words: computational thinking; teaching activities; K-12 course; cultivating way
0 引言
计算思维(Computational Thinking,CT)是一种解决问题的方法,其应用贯穿于整个K-12课程。将CT整合到传统核心和选修科目中可帮助学生建立跨课程联系,提高学生学习成绩,有利于其技能培养和未来职业发展。随着CT的普及,其与学科相关性越来越明显,很多国家和机构将其纳入课程,CT对学生未来发展与教学方式多样性的影响愈加明显。
本文围绕“如何培养K-12阶段孩子们的计算思维”、“怎样把计算思维融入到其它学科中”、“计算思维与编程、程序设计的关系”等问题,对目前国外教学机构如何展开计算思维教与学进行描述和总结,希望通过总结国外K-12培养计算思维的教学方式和应用实践,为我国计算科学发展提供借鉴,指导我国教育工作者、研究者更好地开展中小学生计算思维训练与培养。……