水稻黄叶不育系突变体H08S的表型特征与遗传分析

林秋云 谢振宇 龙开意 贺治洲

摘  要：光温敏不育系的育性因易受光温条件影响而出现波动，导致种子纯度不够，是水稻生产上常见的问题。本研究对1个水稻黄叶不育系突变体H08S进行温度敏感性分析和叶绿体超微结构观察，同时通过构建分离群体进行突变基因的遗传模式分析。结果表明，突变体H08S的表型受温度影响，为低温表达型叶色突变体，且其叶绿体结构出现异常，表现类囊体的片层结构减少，说明H08S基因的突变影响叶绿体的正常发育。突变体H08S分别与‘日本晴、‘02428构建F₂群体和BC₁F₁群体，观察并统计群体植株叶色表型的分离情况，并进行卡方检验，结果表明该突变性状受1对隐性单基因控制。

关键词：水稻;黄叶不育系突变体;H08S;表型;遗传中图分类号：S511      文献标识码：A

Phenotypic Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of a Rice PTGMS Line Mutant H08S with Yellow Leaf

LIN Qiuyun， XIE Zhenyu， LONG Kaiyi， HE Zhizhou^*

Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract： PTGMS lines are susceptible to light and temperature conditions during their fertility sensitive period， which results in fertility fluctuation and seriously affects the purity of the original or hybrid seeds of the male sterile lines. In this paper， the temperature sensitivity and chloroplast ultrastructure of a rice PTGMS mutantH08S with yellow leaf were analyzed， and the genetic model of the mutant gene was analyzed by constructing two segregated populations. The results showed that the phenotype of mutantH08Swas affected by temperature， and it was a low temperature expression type of leaf color mutant. The chloroplast structure of mutantH08S was abnormal， and the lamellar structure of thylakoid was reduced. This indicated that the mutation ofH08S gene affected the normal development of chloroplast. F₂ population and BC₁F₁ population were constructed with mutantH08Sand ‘Nipponbare and ‘02428， respectively. The isolation of leaf color phenotypes was observed and counted， and chi-square test was carried out. The results showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a pair of recessive single genes.

Keywords： rice; a rice PTGMS line mutant with yellow leaf;H08S; phenotype; heredity

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.07.006

葉色突变体绝大部分都表现出叶绿素含量降低，而且多数会影响光合效率，有些叶色突变体甚至不能存活，有些叶色突变体即便能结实，其产量往往会显著降低，因此在过去很长一段时间都被认为是无意义的突变。随着水稻功能基因组学的快速发展，大量研究表明叶色突变体不仅是开展光合作用、光形态建成、叶绿素合成和叶绿体发育等基础研究的理想材料^[1]，而且其变异叶色表型可作为一种明显且易于识别的遗传形态标记，在育种上简化杂交稻种子纯度鉴定工作，很大程度上减少了种子纯度鉴定时间^[2-3]。

‘深08S是目前生产上应用较广的水稻光温敏两用核不育系，其不仅保留了‘Y58S抗性好、配合力高的特点，还增强了抗稻瘟病、抗倒性、抗逆性等特性，已成为杂交水稻的重要骨干亲本。……