戈壁日光温室基质栽培辣椒品种筛选试验

2020-09-21 08:47:11马彦霞王晓巍张玉鑫蒯佳琳康恩祥张俊峰
甘肃农业科技 2020年5期

马彦霞 王晓巍 张玉鑫 蒯佳琳 康恩祥 张俊峰

摘要:为了筛选适合河西戈壁日光温室基质栽培的辣椒品种,在高台县合黎镇八坝村戈壁滩引进了8个辣椒品种进行温室基质栽培试验。结果表明,陇椒11号综合表现优于其他品种,生长势好,果实长26.6 cm,果肩宽32.3 mm,果肉厚2.5 mm,单椒重54.6 g,单株产量1.4 kg,折合产量达71 401.5 kg/hm2,适宜在河西戈壁日光温室基质栽培中推广。

关键词:戈壁日光温室;基质栽培;辣椒;品种筛选

中图分类号:S641.3       文献标志码:A        文章编号:1001-1463(2020)05-0040-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.011

Screening Test of Pepper Cultivars Cultivated on Substrate in Gobi Solar Greenhouse

MA Yanxia, WANG Xiaowei, ZHANG Yuxin, KUAI Jialin, KANG Enxiang, ZHANG Junfeng

(Institute of Vegetable, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)

Abstract:In order to introduce the cultivar of pepper suitable for the substrate cultivation in the solar greenhouse of Hexi gobi, the experiment on the cultivation of the cultivar of pepper on the substrate of greenhouse was carried out in the gobi desert, Baba village, Heli town, Gaotai county. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of Longjiao 11 was better than other cultivars, with good growth potential. The fruit long was 26.6 cm, shoulder width 32.3 mm, flesh thickness 2.5 mm, weight of single pepper 54.6 g, and the yield per plant was 1.4 kg, equivalent yield reached 71 401.5 kg/hm2. The comprehensive analysis shows that Longjiao 11 is suitable for promoting cultivation in the substrate culture in solar greenhouse of Hexi gobi.

Key words:Gobi greenhouse;Substrate culture;Pepper;Cultivar screening

甘肃的沙漠和沙地等非耕地面积0.19亿hm2,主要集中在河西走廊[1 ],具有发展戈壁农业广袤的土地资源。2017年,甘肃省委省政府通过加大资金投入、严格用水管理、强化生态保护等方式,在河西走廊大力发展戈壁农业[2 ]。规划到2022年在河西沙漠戈壁新建高标准设施农业2万hm2[3 ]。戈壁农业集成新型日光温室、栽培基质配方、水肥一体化技术应用、病虫无害化绿色防控、智能化控制等系列新技术,具有节约水土资源、提高产品品质等特点,顺应了现代农业发展的趋势,发展前景良好[4 ]。

辣椒(Capsicum auuuum L.)富含维生素及氨基酸等营养物质[5 - 6 ],是河西走廊戈壁日光温室栽培的主要茄果类蔬菜之一。随着育种目标趋向多元化栽培模式和市场的多样化发展,市场上销售的辣椒品种也呈多样化,使得广大菜农选种购种不知所措。为此,我们引进了目前市场销量和栽培面积较大的皱皮类型辣椒品种,通过对辣椒抗逆性、产量、品质及主要性状方面等的分析,以期筛选出适宜戈壁日光温室基质栽培和符合目标市场需求的优良品种,为菜农选种用种提供一定参考依据。……

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