唐山市人居环境气候舒适度评价及其变化特征

史有瑜 柴瑞 王爱军

摘要：利用1957—2018年唐山国家基本气象站气象资料，基于人居环境气候舒适度评价方法（温湿指数、风效指数），对唐山市人居环境气候舒适度进行了评价，对其变化特征进行了分析，并对其年及四季变化进行Mann-Kendall突变检验。结果表明，唐山市人居环境气候舒适度1—4月、11—12月感觉寒冷，5—9月感觉舒适，10月感觉冷;年和四季人居环境气候舒适度指数均呈线性上升趋势，月人居环境气候舒适度指数呈倒“V”型变化，7月最高，1月最低;年人居环境气候舒适度指数不存在突变，春季指数在20世纪90年代初期发生了突变，夏季指数突变时间不明显，秋季指数在20世纪70年代初期发生了突变，冬季指数在20世纪70年代中前期发生了突变。

关键词：氣候舒适度;评价;变化特征;唐山市

中图分类号：P463.3         文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2020）15-0075-05

Abstract： Using the meteorological data of Tangshan National Basic Meteorological Station from 1957 to 2018， the climatic comfortability of Tangshan city was evaluated based on the evaluation method of climatic suitability evaluating human settlement， and its changing characteristics were analyzed. The Mann-Kendall mutation test was carried out to analyze the annual and seasonal change of comfort index. The results showed that the climate comfort of Tangshan city was cold from January to April and from November to December， and it was comfortable from May to September and cold in October. The climate comfort index of the human settlement environment showed a linear upward trend. The monthly climate comfort index presented an inverted “V” type change， with the highest in July and the lowest in January. There was no mutation in the annual climate comfort index. The spring index had a mutation in the early 1990s. There was no significant mutation for the summer index. The autumn index had a mutation in the early 1970s， and the winter index had a mutation in the mid-early 1970s.

Key words： climatic comfortability; evaluation; variation characteristics; Tangshan city

随着人们的居住环境在人口迅速增长所造成的压力下不断恶化，人居环境问题越来越受到关注。城市人居环境是人类在城市生活、工作所处的自然、经济、社会和文化环境的总称，舒适度是各种因素综合作用的结果[1]。气候舒适度是健康人群对气候因子感觉的适宜程度[2]，是人们评价宜居城市的重要指标之一[3-6]。因此，开展人居环境气候舒适度的研究，对于城市人居环境的评价、旅游资源的开发、生态宜居城市建设等具有重要的参考价值。

近30年来，中国学者利用温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数、综合舒适度指数等对气候舒适度开展了一系列卓有成效的研究工作[7-23]，但还鲜有针对唐山市人居环境气候舒适度的研究。……