李京梅 余学英 李昌玉 周琴



摘 要:本研究利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP1°×1°格点再分析资料等,采取诊断分析方法,对2018年7月22日至23日青海东部一次暴雨过程的成因进行分析并对数值预报进行检验,探索此类天气预报方法。结果表明,这是一次典型的副高东退、“北槽南涡”形势下的暴雨过程,第十号台风“安比”在副高南侧活动,副高外围偏东、偏南气流旺盛,水汽输送加强,多个系统的综合影响使得青海东部产生大范围强降水。此次对大雨、暴雨落区预报出现误差,主要是由于多个数值模式产品对副高势力预报偏弱、大量级降水落区预报偏北,影响预报员对强降水落区的综合判断。
关键词:北槽南涡;水汽通量散度;数值预报
中图分类号:P458.121.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2020)02-0133-03
Abstract: Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and NCEP 1 °× 1 ° grid reanalysis data, the causes of a rainstorm in the east of Qinghai Province from July 22 to 23, 2018 were analyzed and the numerical forecast was tested in this study. The results show that this is a typical rainstorm process under the situation of subtropical high retreating eastward and "North trough South vortex", The 10th typhoon "Ampil" is active in the south side of the subtropical high, with strong air flow in the East and south of the periphery of the subtropical high, enhanced water vapor transmission and the comprehensive influence of multiple systems, resulting in large-scale heavy rainfall in the east of Qinghai. The forecast error of heavy rain and rainstorm area is mainly due to the weak forecast of subtropical high force and the North forecast of large-scale precipitation area by multiple numerical model products, which affects the forecaster's comprehensive judgment of heavy precipitation area.
Keywords: north trough south vortex;divergence of water vapor flux;numerical prediction
暴雨是在各尺度天气系统相互作用下形成的复杂天气过程,其落区、量级的预报一直是预报业务的难点。青海省地处青藏高原东部,暴雨过程常受中高纬度系统影响。夏季受西风带、副热带系统影响,高原的热力作用、冷空气频繁入侵和复杂的地理环境使青海的暴雨具有局地性强、降水时间集中、受地形影响明显等特征,预报难度很大。由于高原气候条件差、地质环境脆弱,暴雨的发生极易引发地质灾害,给农业、交通、人民生命财产带来巨大损失。当地政府、气象部門对暴雨天气极为关注,张青梅[1]、马学莲[2]、马秀梅[3]等对此进行了大量研究。
关于本次暴雨天气过程,尽管环流配置典型,有利于强降水的发生,且数值模式预报在一定程度上提前指示出了大降水过程,青海省气象台基本准确地预报了此次过程,但大雨、暴雨的落区预报仍存在一定偏差。……