综合护理对分娩镇痛产妇产后尿潴留的影响

梁艳萍 周丽华 周少如

[摘要] 目的 探讨综合护理对分娩镇痛产妇产后尿潴留的影响。方法 方便选择2018年4月—2019年4月于该院进行分娩镇痛的150名自然分娩产妇作为研究对象，以随机数表法将其分为两组，即对照组与研究组，每组75名。对照组产妇接受常规护理措施，研究组在此基础上应用综合护理措施。对比两组第二产程视觉模拟评分（VAS）的变化、首次排尿时间、产后导尿率与尿潴留的发生率，以及两组患者对于该次护理服务的满意率。结果 研究组第二产程VAS量表评分为（3.2±0.4）分与对照组（3.3±0.5）分对比差异无统计学意义（t=1.353，P>0.05）;研究组产后首次排尿时间（2.6±0.5）h低于对照组（5.5±1.3）h，差异有统计学意义（t=18.031，P<0.05）。研究组产后导尿率与尿潴留的发生率1.33%、4.00%均低于对照组9.33%、13.33%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.754、4.127，P<0.05）。研究组对于护理服务的总满意率为98.67%高于对照组89.33%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.792，P<0.05）。 结論 综合护理措施可以有效预防分娩镇痛产妇产后尿潴留，提高整体护理服务质量。

[关键词] 综合护理;分娩镇痛;产后尿潴留

[中图分类号] R473.71          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742（2020）09（c）-0126-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive nursing care on postpartum urinary retention in parturient analgesia. Methods 150 people of natural childbirth women who received labor analgesia in the hospital from April 2018 to April 2019 were conveniently selected as the research objects， and they were divided into two groups by random number table method， namely the control group and the study group with 75 people each. The mothers in the control group received routine nursing measures， and the study group applied comprehensive nursing measures on this basis. The changes in the visual analogue scale（VAS） of the second stage of labor， the first urination time， the incidence of postpartum catheterization and urinary retention， and the satisfaction rate of the two groups of patients with this nursing service were compared between the two groups. Results The score of the second stage of labor in the study group was （3.2±0.4） points and the control group （3.3±0.5） points were not statistically different （t=1.353， P>0.05）; the first urination time in the study group after delivery was （2.6±0.5）h was lower than the control group （5.5±1.3）h， the difference was statistically significant （t=18.031， P<0.05）. The rates of postpartum catheterization and urinary retention in the study group were 1.33% and 4.00% lower than those in the control group 9.33% and 13.33%， the difference was statistically significant （χ2=4.754， 4.127， P<0.05）. The total satisfaction rate of the study group for nursing services was 98.67% higher than that of the control group 89.33%， the difference was statistically significant（χ2=5.792， P<0.05）.Conclusion Comprehensive nursing measures can effectively prevent postpartum urinary retention in parturient analgesia and improve the overall quality of nursing service， which is worthy of clinical promotion.

[Key words] Comprehensive care; Labor analgesia; Postpartum urinary retention

分娩是多数女性需要经历的自然生理过程，但剧烈的疼痛感在一定程度上影响了分娩的进程，给产妇身心带来巨大的痛苦。近年来，随着人们对分娩服务要求的提升，选择分娩镇痛技术的产妇也随之增多[1]。然而，部分研究发现，产妇应用镇痛药物进行分娩镇痛后可使盆底肌肉组织与会阴部神经收缩异常，极易诱发尿潴留，给产后恢复带来不利的影响[2]。因此，探寻一种可靠的护理措施预防分娩镇痛产妇产后尿潴留问题十分必要。综合护理是对传统护理工作的进一步完善与补充，以期通过全面、规范、细致的服务保证患者的就医质量。2018年4月—2019年4月，该院对75名自然分娩产妇在常规护理的基础上应用了综合护理干预措施，不仅改善其产后尿潴留，且提高了产妇对护理服务的评价，现报道如下。