杜冬韬 管亮
摘 要:液体燃料是指能产生热能或动能的液态可燃物质,常用的液体燃料是由石油炼制而成。馏程是石油产品的重要特性,是评价液体燃料蒸发和性能的重要指标,对液体燃料的储存和运输以及用油发动机的安全运行具有重要意义,对燃油产品的生产也具有一定的指导作用。本文主要从馏程检测的发展现状、馏程在燃油质量分析中的应用和改进馏程检测方法3个方面出发,重点综述了馏程与燃油其他检测指标的关联,描述了利用色谱、中红外光谱和拉曼光谱等近年来的新兴技术进行馏程检测,提出了针对新的技术手段的改进与建议,为今后利用馏程进行燃油质量分析提供了参考和借鉴的思路。
关 键 词:馏程;燃料;检测;分析
中图分类号:TE622 文献标识码:A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)10-2301-05
Abstract: Liquid fuel refers to the liquid combustible substance that can produce heat energy or kinetic energy. The commonly used liquid fuel is refined from petroleum. Distillation range is an important characteristic of petroleum products and an important index to evaluate the evaporation and performance of liquid fuels. It is of great significance to the storage and transportation of liquid fuels and the safe operation of oil engines. It also plays a guiding role in the production of fuel products. In this paper, from three aspects including the development status of distillation range detection, the application of fuel quality analysis and improvement of distillation range detection method, the relationship between the distillation range and fuel other test indicators was reviewed, and the application of chromatography, IR and Raman spectra in the distillation range test was described, the improvement suggestions for these new technologies were put forward, which could provide some reference for the use of distillation range in fuel quality analysis in the future.
Key words: Distillation; Fuel; Detection; Analysis
液體燃料的主要组分是由碳氢元素组成,而这些碳氢元素组成的烃类化合物成分各不相同,从而导致了各类燃油产品具有不同的物理特性,主要包括油品的氧化安定性、燃烧性和蒸发性等。蒸发性是液体燃料最重要的特性之一,常用来评定液体燃料气化的难易程度,对液体燃料的贮存、运输和发动机的使用都有很大的影响,在石油产品标准中都有严格的限制[1]。利用蒸馏分离混合物,具有方法简单、试验简单、结果准确等特点[2]。
馏程作为评定液体燃料蒸发性最主要的质量指标,是指在专门的蒸馏仪器中,测得的液体样品馏出温度和馏出数量之间以数字关系表示的液体样品沸腾的温度范围[3]。……